喪

Translingual

Han character

喪 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土口口女 (GRRV), four-corner 4073₂, composition ⿱⿻土吅⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿸⿱⿻土吅𠄌⿺乀丿(HT))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3985
• Dae Jaweon: page 421, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 650, character 3
• Unihan data for U+55AA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 喪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : phonetic 桑 (OC *sŋaːŋ, “mulberry tree”) + semantic 㗊 (“many mouths”). The number of mouths frequently varied. Sometimes 走 (“run”) was included as a semantic component, and later 亡 (OC *maŋ, “die”) was added as a phonetic (and also possibly semantic) component.

In the seal script became ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ) : semantic 哭 (“cry”) + phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ, “die”), from which the modern form derives.

Compare 咢 and 噩, which may be derived from or originally the same character as 喪.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The level-toned pronunciation has a nominal prefix *s-, lit. "circumstances associated with disappearance (death)", whereas the departing-toned pronunciation has a formally identical causative prefix *s- and an exoactive suffix *-s, lit. "to cause to disappear".

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

喪

1. mourning; funeral ceremony
2. corpse; dead body
3. misfortune; misadventure
4. to mourn; to be in mourning
5. to grieve over the death of

Compounds

Descendants

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

喪

1. to forfeit; to lose; to be deprived of
2. to die; to pass away
3. to be defeated; to be destroyed; to perish
4. to escape; to flee
5. to forget; to fail to remember
6. to be discouraged; to lose heart
7. (Hong Kong Cantonese) wildly; extremely

Compounds

References

• “喪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. mourning
2. loss

Readings

• Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kun: も (mo, 喪, Jōyō); うしなう (ushinau, 喪う)

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) も (Heiban – )
• (Tokyo) も​ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

喪(も) • (mo) 

1. mourning
2. calamity; misfortune

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

喪(そう) • (sō) ^{←さう (sau)?}

1. mourning

References

Korean

Hanja

喪 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

喪: Hán Nôm readings: tang, táng, tảng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.