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Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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土 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 土 (G), four-corner 40100, composition ⿱十一)
simp. and trad. |
土 | |
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alternative forms | 士 圡 𡈽 |
Historical forms of the character 土 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) : a lump of clay on a potter’s wheel.
There is no obvious cognate and etymology, unless it may be related to Proto-Austroasiatic *tiʔ (Proto-Monic *tiiʔ (“soil; ground consisting of earth”), Semnam tɛʔ (“soil; earth”)). However, this would require the assumption of a shift from front vowel to Old Chinese *a (Schuessler, 2007).
Probably related to 社 (OC *ɦljaːʔ, “god of soil; altar to god of soil”).
土
土
土
土
For pronunciation and definitions of 土 – see 士 (“unmarried male; bachelor; man; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 士). |
Kanji in this term |
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土 |
つち Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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地 |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Kanji in this term |
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土 |
と Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
Short form of the ateji spelling 土耳古 (Toruko).
Kanji in this term |
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土 |
ど Grade: 1 |
kan’yōon |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 土 (MC duX).
From Middle Chinese 土 (MC thuX).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 통〯 (Yale: thwǒ) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄒᆞᆰ (Yale: hòlk) | 토〮 (Yale: thwó) |
土: Hán Việt readings: thổ (
土: Nôm readings: thổ, độ, thuở