坐

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

坐 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人人土 (OOG), four-corner 8810₄, composition ⿻土从 or ⿱𠦏一)

Derived characters

• 侳, 挫, 𡌚, 䂳, 㟇, 唑, 𢚂, 㛗, 𡨠, 脞, 睉, 銼 (锉), 矬, 剉, 莝, 桽, 髽, 夎, 䦟 (䦷), 座, 痤, 𣨎, 趖, 𫐩, 𪨙

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4931
• Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 423, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5750

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 坐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 留 (“to stay”) + 土 (“ground”).

Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tangut 𗶠 (*dzu̱², “to sit”), Japhug amdzɯ (“to sit”) (Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

Definitions

坐

1. to sit; to take a seat

   坐下  ―  zuòxià  ―  to sit down

   請坐！／请坐！ [Hokkien]  ―  Chhiáⁿ chē! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Please take a seat!

2. to go by; to travel by; to ride

   坐公交車不小心坐過頭 [MSC, trad.]
   坐公交车不小心坐过头 [MSC, simp.]

   zuò gōngjiāochē bù xiǎoxīn zuò guòtóu

   to miss one's stop on the bus

   我坐飛機去上海。 [MSC, trad.]
   我坐飞机去上海。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎi.

   I go to Shanghai by plane.

   她開車去，不坐火車去。 [MSC, trad.]
   她开车去，不坐火车去。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā kāichē qù, bù zuò huǒchē qù.

   She does not go by train, she drives.

3. to bear fruit
4. (literary) because of; on the ground of
5. to be in charge of; to manage
6. to uphold; to fight until the end without giving up

   坐鎮／坐镇  ―  zuòzhèn  ―  to assume personal command

7. ^† to be convicted (of a crime)

   • 元狩元年，坐與淮南王謀反，誅。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     元狩元年，坐与淮南王谋反，诛。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 漢書·卷十六 高惠高后文功臣表 第四

     Yuánshòu yuánnián, zuò yǔ huáinán wáng móufǎn, zhū.

     In the first year of Yuanshou, convicted of conspiring with King of Huainan to rebel, executed.

See also

• 上 (shàng, “to board”)

Descendants

• → Ai-Cham: zai⁶

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

坐

1. Alternative form of 座 (zuò)

Usage notes

• This form was also proposed in the second round of simplification.

References

• “坐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #3036”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. to sit
2. to assume (a position)
3. to hold still

Readings

• Go-on: ざ (za)^{←ざ (za, historical)}
• Kan-on: さ (sa)^{←さ (sa, historical)}
• Kun: すわる (suwaru, 坐る); そぞろに (sozoroni, 坐に); おわす (owasu, 坐す); ます (masu, 坐す)
• Nanori: います (imasu); ます (masu)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 坐 is mostly replaced by 座, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Compounds

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “坐”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

坐 (eumhun 앉을 좌 (anjeul jwa))

1. Hanja form^? of 좌 (“to sit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

坐: Hán Việt readings: tọa/toạ
坐: Nôm readings: ngồi, tòa/toà, tọa/toạ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation