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Translingual
Han character
垠 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土日女 (GAV), four-corner 47132, composition ⿰土艮)
- boundary, bank of stream or river
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5054
- Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 442, character 7
- Unihan data for U+57A0
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 艱
|
*krɯːn
|
| 齦
|
*kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
|
| 眼
|
*ŋrɯːnʔ
|
| 蛝
|
*ɡrɯːn
|
| 限
|
*ɡrɯːnʔ
|
| 硍
|
*ɡrɯːnʔ
|
| 豤
|
*kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
|
| 詪
|
*ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
|
| 根
|
*kɯːn
|
| 跟
|
*kɯːn
|
| 珢
|
*kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
|
| 艮
|
*kɯːns
|
| 茛
|
*kɯːns
|
| 墾
|
*kʰɯːnʔ
|
| 懇
|
*kʰɯːnʔ
|
| 垠
|
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
|
| 泿
|
*ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
|
| 痕
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 拫
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 鞎
|
*ɡɯːn
|
| 很
|
*ɡɯːnʔ
|
| 恨
|
*ɡɯːns
|
| 銀
|
*ŋrɯn
|
| 檭
|
*ŋrɯn
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn): semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)
Pronunciation
Note:
- ngeng5 - Chaozhou;
- ngêng5 - Jieyang;
- nging5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
| Rime
|
| Character
|
垠
|
垠
|
垠
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
| Initial (聲)
|
疑 (31)
|
疑 (31)
|
疑 (31)
|
| Final (韻)
|
眞 (44)
|
欣 (57)
|
痕 (53)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
I
|
| Fanqie
|
語巾切
|
語斤切
|
五根切
|
| Baxter
|
ngin
|
ngj+n
|
ngon
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/ŋˠiɪn/
|
/ŋɨn/
|
/ŋən/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/ŋᵚin/
|
/ŋɨn/
|
/ŋən/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/ŋien/
|
/ŋiən/
|
/ŋən/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/ŋjin/
|
/ŋɨn/
|
/ŋən/
|
Li
Rong
|
/ŋjĕn/
|
/ŋiən/
|
/ŋən/
|
Wang
Li
|
/ŋǐĕn/
|
/ŋĭən/
|
/ŋən/
|
Bernhard
Karlgren
|
/ŋi̯ĕn/
|
/ŋi̯ən/
|
/ŋən/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
yín
|
yín
|
én
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
ngan4
|
ngan4
|
ngan4
|
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
垠
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
yín
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ ngjɨn ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ər/
|
| English
|
raised border, dike
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
垠
|
垠
|
垠
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
| No.
|
3932
|
3940
|
3944
|
Phonetic
component
|
艮
|
艮
|
艮
|
Rime
group
|
文
|
文
|
文
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
垠
|
銀
|
䖐
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ŋɯːn/
|
/*ŋrɯn/
|
/*ŋɯn/
|
| Notes
|
|
|
同圻
|
Definitions
垠
- boundary; limit
- dike; riverbank; raised border
Compounds
References
- “垠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “垠”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 285.
Japanese
Kanji
垠
(Hyōgai kanji)
- limit
- boundary
Readings
Korean
Hanja
垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)
- boundary
- bank of stream or river
Vietnamese
Han character
垠: Hán Nôm readings: hằn, ngăn, ngấn, ngân, ngần
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