垣

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垣 U+57A3, 垣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A3
← 垢
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垤 →

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
9 strokes

垣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土一日一 (GMAM), four-corner 41116, composition ⿰土亘)

  1. low wall

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+57A3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 垣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烜 *qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
貆 *qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘 *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
狟 *ɡoːn
絙 *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
荁 *ɡoːn
宣 *sqʰon
咺 *qʰonʔ
暅 *qʰonʔ
桓 *ɡʷaːn
洹 *ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
揎 *sqʰʷan
愃 *sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
瑄 *sqʰʷan
渲 *sqʰʷans
喧 *qʰʷan
萱 *qʰʷan
暄 *qʰʷan
諠 *qʰʷan
翧 *qʰʷan
蝖 *qʰʷan
垣 *ɢʷan
楦 *qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷan): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 (xuān).

Etymology

Borrowed from Tocharian B wänt-, Tocharian A wänt- (“to envelop, to surround”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 雨元切
Baxter hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuan/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʷar/
English wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14017
Phonetic
component 		亘
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		袁
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

垣

  1. wall
  2. city
  3. (astronomy) enclosure

Compounds

References

  1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
  • “垣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “垣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 294.

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

垣

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: おん (on)←をん (won, historical)
  • Kan-on: えん (en)←ゑん (wen, historical)
  • Kun: かき (kaki, 垣, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
垣
かき
Grade: S
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

垣(かき) • (kaki) 

  1. fence

See also

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

垣: Hán Nôm readings: viên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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