堂堂

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Chinese

(main) hall; large room (main) hall; large room
simp. and trad.
(堂堂) 		堂 堂

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒郎切
Baxter dang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/daŋ/
Li
Rong 		/dɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/dɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		táng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tong4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		táng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁaŋ/
English hall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堂
Reading # 1/1
No. 11138
Phonetic
component 		尚
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		唐
Old
Chinese 		/*daːŋ/

Adjective

堂堂

  1. (literary) imposing; magnificent; majestic; stately
  2. (literary) grave; solemn; dignified
  3. (literary) powerful; strong
  4. (literary) ambitious

Derived terms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
堂 堂
どう
Grade: 5 		どう
Grade: 5
goon
Alternative spelling
堂々

Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 堂堂 (MC dang dang). First cited in Japanese in the late 1100s.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

堂(どう)堂(どう) • (dōdō) ←だうだう (daudau)?†-tari (adnominal 堂(どう)堂(どう)とした (dōdō to shita) or 堂(どう)堂(どう)たる (dōdō taru), adverbial 堂(どう)堂(どう)と (dōdō to) or 堂(どう)堂(どう)として (dōdō to shite))

  1. magnificent, grand, bold, impressive, majestic, imposing, dignified, stately
    堂々(どうどう)たる大聖堂(だいせいどう)の外観(がいかん)
    dōdōtaru daiseidō no gaikan
    the exterior of the grand cathedral
  2. proud, fair, square, open, unreserved, hiding nothing

Usage notes

  • As an adjective, this takes the たる (taru) attributive ending, as shown in the usage examples.

Conjunction

Classical conjugation of "堂堂たり" (タリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 堂堂たら だうだうたら daudautara
Continuative (連用形) 堂堂と
堂堂たり		 だうだうと
だうだうたり		 daudauto
daudautari
Terminal (終止形) 堂堂たり だうだうたり daudautari
Attributive (連体形) 堂堂たる だうだうたる daudautaru
Realis (已然形) 堂堂たれ だうだうたれ daudautare
Imperative (命令形) 堂堂たれ だうだうたれ daudautare
Key constructions
Negative 堂堂たらず だうだうたらず daudautarazu
Contrasting conjunction 堂堂たれど だうだうたれど daudautaredo
Causal conjunction 堂堂たれば だうだうたれば daudautareba
Conditional conjunction 堂堂たらば だうだうたらば daudautaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 堂堂たりき だうだうたりき daudautariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 堂堂たりけり だうだうたりけり daudautarikeri
Adverbial 堂堂と だうだうと daudauto
Without auxiliary verb.
With auxiliary verb.
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Adverb

堂(どう)堂(どう) • (dōdō) ←だうだう (daudau)?

  1. magnificently, grandly, boldly, impressively, majesticly, imposingly, in a dignified or stately manner
    その老人(ろうじん)は堂々(どうどう)とした顔(かお)つきをしていた。
    Sono rōjin wa dōdō to shita kaotsuki o shite ita.
    The old man had a noble countenance.
    彼(かれ)はその式典(しきてん)で堂々(どうどう)と振(ふ)る舞(ま)った。
    Kare wa sono shikiten de dōdō to furumatta.
    He bore himself well at the ceremony.
    堂々(どうどう)としなさい。
    Dōdō to shinasai.
    Walk tall, son.
  2. proudly, fairly, squarely, openly, unreservedly, without apology, without hesitation, hiding nothing

Usage notes

  • As an adverb, this takes the adverbial particle と (to), as shown in the usage examples.

References

  1. ^ “堂堂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • EDICT and KANJIDIC dictionary files. Electronic Dictionaries Research Group. Used in accordance with the group's license.
  • Michael Panzera (2010 March 6 (last accessed)) “List of -Taru Adjectives”, in Blastitwonner: Law and Language in Japan‎
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