堲

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堲 U+5832, 堲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5832
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 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堳 →

堲 U+2F856, 堲
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F856
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 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 報 →

Translingual

Han character

堲 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日中土 (ALG), four-corner 77104, composition ⿱即土)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5276
  • Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 447, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5832

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 堲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (即) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
卪 *ʔsiːɡ
癤 *ʔsiːɡ
幯 *ʔsiːɡ
節 *ʔsiːɡ
蝍 *ʔsiːɡ, *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
蠞 *ziːɡ
堲 *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ, *zɯɡ
唧 *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
楖 *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsriɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
揤 *ziɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
櫛 *ʔsriɡ
瀄 *ʔsriɡ
擳 *ʔsriɡ
即 *ʔsɯɡ
鯽 *ʔsɯɡ, *ʔseɡ

Etymology

Borrowed from Tocharian B tsik and Tocharian A tsik (“to build, to form”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, fashion”). An alternative theory by STEDT derives the word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t)sik (“to burn, itch; angry”), for which see 疾 (OC *zid, “swift; illness”) for more.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 堲 堲 堲
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 質 (48) 職 (134) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) III III III
Fanqie 資悉切 子力切 秦力切
Baxter tsit tsik dzik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siɪt̚/ /t͡sɨk̚/ /d͡zɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sit̚/ /t͡sɨk̚/ /d͡zɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjet̚/ /t͡siek̚/ /d͡ziek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sit̚/ /t͡sik̚/ /d͡zik̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siĕt̚/ /t͡siək̚/ /d͡ziək̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭĕt̚/ /t͡sĭək̚/ /d͡zĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ĕt̚/ /t͡si̯ək̚/ /d͡zʱi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji ji jí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zat1 zik1 zik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 堲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsik/
English masonry

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 堲 堲 堲
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 5716 5730 5732
Phonetic
component 		即 即 即
Rime
group 		質 職 職
Rime
subdivision 		2 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		堲 即 堲
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsiɡ/ /*ʔsɯɡ/ /*zɯɡ/

Definitions

堲

  1. to fire earth into brick
  2. to hate

References

  1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

堲

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

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