复

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See also: 復, 複, 覆, and 夏
复 U+590D, 复
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-590D
← 夌
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夎 →

Translingual

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

复 (Kangxi radical 35, 夊+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人日竹水 (OAHE), four-corner 80407, composition ⿱𭥍夂(GHJV) or ⿱𭥍夊(T))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 245, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 869, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+590D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 复
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

At the top of the character, there is a representation of a room at the centre of a corridor (see also 良); at the bottom, there is a footprint pointing down 夊. The original meaning is "going back", with a reference to meet people perhaps in a guest room. Original version of 復. Unrelated to 夏.

The top component of the character is unrelated to 每, 伤, 旅, 乞 as well as 人.

Etymology 1

trad. 复
simp. # 复

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 复
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房六切
Baxter bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 复
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-p(r)uk/
English return

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 复
Reading # 1/1
No. 3554
Phonetic
component 		复
Rime
group 		覺
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		伏
Old
Chinese 		/*buɡ/

Definitions

复

  1. to go back

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 復 (“to return; to recover; to resume; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 復).
Notes:

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 複 (“lined garment; to repeat; to double; to overlap; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified form of 複).
Notes:

Etymology 4

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 覆 (“to cover; to tip over; to overturn; to flip over; etc.”).
(This character is the former (1964–1986) first-round simplified form of 覆).
Notes:

Usage notes

覆 was officially simplified to 复 in 1964–1986, but now it only simplifies to 复 in the meaning of "to return; to reply", e.g. 答覆／答复 (dáfù), 反覆／反复 (fǎnfù), and 回覆／回复 (huífù). In other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆 (fānfù), 覆蓋／覆盖 (fùgài), 顛覆／颠覆 (diānfù), 傾覆／倾覆 (qīngfù), and 覆轍／覆辙 (fùzhé).

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

复 (eumhun 회복할 복 (hoebokhal bok))

Etymology 2

Hanja

复 (eumhun 다시 부 (dasi bu))

same as 復

  1. return
  2. repeat
  3. repeatedly

Vietnamese

Han character

复: Hán Nôm readings: phúc
, 复: Hán Nôm readings: phục
, 复: Hán Nôm readings: phức

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