外患

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 外患. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 外患, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 外患 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 外患 you have here. The definition of the word 外患 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of外患, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble misfortune; suffer (from illness); trouble; danger; worry; to contract (a disease)
trad. (外患)		外	患
simp. ^#(外患)		外	患
Literally: “external disaster”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wàihuàn

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ waan⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-hoān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wàihuàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄏㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wàihuàn
  - Wade–Giles: wai⁴-huan⁴
  - Yale: wài-hwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayhuann
  - Palladius: вайхуань (vajxuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶ waan⁶
  - Yale: ngoih waahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ waan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ wan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² waːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-hoān
  - Tâi-lô: guā-huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaxhoan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ huan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ huan³³/

Middle Chinese: ngwajH hwaenH

Rime
Character	外	患
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	泰 (26)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	五會切	胡慣切
Baxter	ngwajH	hwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑi^H/	/ɦˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷɑi^H/	/ɦʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑi^H/	/ɣuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaj^H/	/ɦwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑi^H/	/ɣuan^H/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑi^H/	/ɣwan^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋuɑi^H/	/ɣwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	huàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngoi⁶	waan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʷˤa-s ˤro-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːds ɡroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	外	患
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wài	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwaj^H ›	‹ hwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ʷˁa-s/	/*ˁro-s/
English	outside	calamity; distress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	外	患
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12606	5364
Phonetic component	外	患
Rime group	祭	元
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	外	患
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːds/	/*ɡroːns/
Notes		本從串（毌）聲

Noun

外患

foreign aggression; aggression from abroad

Synonyms

外侮 (wàiwǔ)
外禍／外祸 (wàihuò)

Derived terms

內憂外患／内忧外患 (nèiyōuwàihuàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (外患):

→ Japanese: 外患(がいかん) (gaikan)
→ Korean: 외환(外患) (oehwan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
外	患
がい Grade: 2	かん Grade: S
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がいかん (Heiban – )^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key):

Noun

外(がい)患(かん) • (gaikan) ^{←ぐわいくわん (gwaikwan)^?}

external pressure; foreign threat
Antonyms: 内患 (naikan), 内憂 (naiyū)

Derived terms

外(がい)患(かん)罪(ざい) (gaikanzai)
内(ない)憂(ゆう)外(がい)患(かん) (naiyū gaikan)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
外	患

Noun

外患 • (oehwan) (hangeul 외환)

hanja form^? of 외환

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia