外界

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Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)
trad. (外界)		外	界
simp. ^#(外界)		外	界

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wàijiè

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ gaai³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gōa-kài

(Teochew, Peng'im): ghua⁷ gai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wàijiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wàijiè
  - Wade–Giles: wai⁴-chieh⁴
  - Yale: wài-jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayjieh
  - Palladius: вайцзе (vajcze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngoi⁶ gaai³
  - Yale: ngoih gaai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ gaai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ gai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² kaːi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-kài
  - Tâi-lô: guā-kài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaxkaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² kai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ kai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghua⁷ gai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā kài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡua¹¹ kai²¹³/

Noun

外界

the outside world; the external world

Synonyms

外面 (wàimiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (外界):

→ Japanese: 外界(がいかい) (gaikai)
→ Korean: 외계(外界) (oegye)
→ Vietnamese: ngoại giới (外界)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
外	界
がい Grade: 2	かい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) がいかい (Heiban – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

外(がい)界(かい) • (gaikai) ^{←ぐわいかい (gwaikai)^?}

outside world, external world

Antonyms

内(ない)界(かい) (naikai)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
外	界

Noun

外界 • (oegye) (hangeul 외계)

hanja form^? of 외계 (“outside world, external world”)

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