. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: 夫 ,
禾 ,
末 ,
未 ,
夭 , and 无
Translingual
Stroke order
Han character
天 (Kangxi radical 37, 大 +1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一大 (MK ), four-corner 10430 , composition ⿱一 大 )
Derived characters
迗 , 𣏿 , 祆 , 䀖 , 䚶 , 𠇄 , 𠕹 , 矢 , 关 , 吴 , 昊 , 奏 , 癸 , 龑 (䶮 ), 𡗶 , 吞 , 㤁 , 昋 , 沗 , 蚕 , 奣 , 䨿 , 䪞 , 鴌 , 𠔬 , 䵡 , 䗞 , 䘉
𠍴 , 㴁 , 𣷹 , 㵄 , 蝅 , 蠺
Descendants
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 248 , character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5833
Dae Jaweon: page 500, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 522, character 1
Unihan data for U+5929
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
添
*tʰiːm
忝
*l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms
悿
*tʰiːmʔ
舔
*l̥ʰiːmʔ
菾
*diːm
天
*qʰl'iːn
吞
*qʰl'iːn, *qʰl'ɯːn
祆
*qʰliːn
蚕
*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
Wikipedia has articles on:
天 (Written Standard Chinese? ) 天 (Cantonese) Tian (English)
The sky over Guangdong .
The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests in Beijing 's Temple of Heaven .
A horizontal line above a man with outstretched arms 大 (dà ) to indicate the sky (compare the original versions of 上 ). The other ancient representations of the character depicted a man with a large squared head, an anthropomorphic representation of heaven.
Original meaning of the word is “sky”. Such concept is difficult to depict with a pictogram, hence the current form. Perhaps influenced by the glyph, the character was frequently glossed in Old Chinese documents with 顛 (“crown of the head”), and such had led to incorrect hypotheses which regarded 天 (tiān ) as a derivation of 顛 or 巔 , “top (of the head/hill)”.
Etymology
This character was previously reconstructed to have a /*tʰ/ -initial in Old Chinese, but this hypothesis has been largely discounted in recent reconstructions, in light of evidence from early Chinese accounts of dialectal pronunciations, transcription of other languages, as well as cognate/derived characters within Chinese, which has all pointed to a voiceless resonant initial /*l̥-/ in Old Chinese. According to chapter 1 of Shiming , by c. 200 CE , this initial had already produced dialectal variation in the pronunciation: People in central-western China pronounced it with the back of the tongue, like 顯 (MC xenX ), while people in eastern China pronounced it with the tip of the tongue, like 坦 (MC thanX ). An old northwestern dialect variant survives as 祆 (MC xen , “God of the Zoroastrians ”), and the word 天竺 (MC then trjuwk , “India”) was used to transcribe Old Persian *Hind-uka ("India").
Further etymology is unknown. During the time when this term was reconstructed with a /*tʰ-/ initial, it was frequently compared with tengri , the name for God in early Turkic and Mongolic peoples' languages. This now appears unlikely. The only certain external cognate is the Central Bai (a language closely related to Chinese) word heinl ( “ sky, heaven ” ) /xẽ⁵⁵/ . Chen (1998) proposes cognation with 祁連 (OC *g'ieg-lian ) and 赫連 (OC *khak-lian ), transcriptions of a Xiongnu word for "sky", which he also relates to 昊天 (OC *g'ôg-hlin ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : tiān (tian1 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄊㄧㄢ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : tian1
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : тян (ti͡an, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : tin1
(Dongguan , Jyutping++ ) : tin1
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : hen1
(Yangjiang , Jyutping++ ) : tin1
Gan (Wiktionary ) : tien1
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : thiên
(Hailu , HRS ) : tienˋ
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : tiên1
Jin (Wiktionary ) : tie1
Northern Min (KCR ) : tíng
Eastern Min (BUC ) : tiĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : thiⁿ / thian / then
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : tin1 / tiêng1 / tiang1
(Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin ) : ti1 / tieng1
Southern Pinghua (Nanning , Jyutping++ ) : tin1
Wu (Northern , Wugniu ) : 1 thi / 1 thie / 1 thien
Xiang
(Changsha , Wiktionary ) : tienn1
(Loudi , Wiktionary ) : tinn1
(Hengyang , Wiktionary ) : tien1
Mandarin
Cantonese
Gan
Hakka
Jin
Northern Min
Eastern Min
Southern Min
(Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou , Jinjiang , Nan'an , Hui'an , Yongchun , Zhangpu , Changtai , Longyan , General Taiwanese , Singapore , Klang )
Pe̍h-ōe-jī : thiⁿ
Tâi-lô : thinn
Phofsit Daibuun : tvy
IPA (Quanzhou , Jinjiang , Nan'an , Hui'an , Klang ) : /tʰĩ³³/
IPA (Xiamen , Zhangzhou , Yongchun , Changtai , Taipei , Kaohsiung , Singapore ) : /tʰĩ⁴⁴/
IPA (Zhangpu ) : /tʰĩ⁵⁵/
IPA (Longyan ) : /tʰĩ³³⁴/
(Hokkien : Xiamen , Quanzhou , Zhangzhou , Jinjiang , Nan'an , Yongchun , Zhangpu , Changtai , Longyan , General Taiwanese , Singapore , Klang )
(Hokkien : Hui'an )
Note :
thiⁿ - vernacular;
thian/then - literary.
Note :
tin1 - vernacular;
tiêng1/tiang1 - literary (tiêng1 - Chaozhou).
(Leizhou )
Leizhou Pinyin : ti1 / tieng1
Sinological IPA : /tʰi³⁵/, /tʰieŋ³⁵/
Note :
ti1 - vernacular;
tieng1 - literary.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
天
天
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
tiān
xiān
Middle Chinese
‹ then ›
‹ xen ›
Old Chinese
/*l̥ˁi/
/*l̥ˁi/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-)
English
heaven
heaven
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
天
Reading #
1/1
No.
12387
Phonetic component
天
Rime group
眞
Rime subdivision
1
Corresponding MC rime
天
Old Chinese
/*qʰl'iːn/
Definitions
天
sky ; heavens ; heavenly ; celestial
天 空 ― tiān kōng ― sky
天 黑 了 。 ― Tiān hēi le. ― It's getting dark. (lit. The sky is becoming black)
( mythology or religion ) heaven as the abode of the gods or the blessed departed ; heavenly
上天 ― shàngtiān ― to go up to the sky; to go to heaven
天 意 ― tiān yì ― Heaven's will
( mythology or religion ) Heaven as an impersonal deity ; often translated as God
天 主 ― tiān zhǔ ― God (in the Catholic tradition)
老天 ― lǎotiān ― Heaven, Tian; God (Deity of the Zhou)
我 的 天 啊 ! ― Wǒ de tiān a! ― Oh my God !
天 助 自 助 者 。 ― Tiān zhù zì zhù zhě. ― God helps those who help themselves.
top ; overhead
天 橋/ 天 桥 ― tiān qiáo ― footbridge
天 窗 ― tiān chuāng ― sunroof
weather ; climate
天 很 冷 。 ― Tiān hěn lěng. ― It's very cold.
如果 天 晴 ,我們 就 去 散步 。 [MSC , trad. ] 如果 天 晴 ,我们 就 去 散步 。 [MSC , simp. ] Rúguǒ tiān qíng, wǒmen jiù qù sànbù. If the weather clears, we'll go for a walk.
day (24 hours)
今天 ― jīntiān ― today
明天 ― míngtiān ― tomorrow
三 天 ― sān tiān ― three days
day (as opposed to night)
白天 ― báitiān ― daytime
三 天 兩 夜 / 三 天 两 夜 ― sān tiān liǎng yè ― three days and two nights
period of time in a day
五更天 ― wǔgèngtiān ― just before dawn
天 不 早 了 。 ― Tiān bù zǎo le. ― It's getting late.
season
春天 、夏天 、秋天 、冬天 [MSC , trad. and simp. ] chūntiān , xiàtiān , qiūtiān , dōngtiān spring, summer, autumn, winter
黃梅天 / 黄梅天 ― huángméitiān ― rainy season
nature
天 災/ 天 灾 ― tiān zāi ― natural disaster
natural ; innate
天 生 ― tiān shēng ― innate
天 性 ― tiān xìng ― nature, personality
天 才 ― tiān cái ― genius
( Hong Kong ) Short for 天水圍 / 天水围 (Tiānshuǐwéi , “Tin Shui Wai ”).
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
天空 (“sky”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
天
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
天 , 天空
Northeastern Mandarin
Singapore
天
Central Plains Mandarin
Xi'an
天
Cantonese
Guangzhou
天
Hong Kong
天
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
天
Macau
天
Guangzhou (Panyu)
天
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
天
Guangzhou (Conghua)
天
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
天
Foshan
天
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
天
Foshan (Shunde)
天
Foshan (Sanshui)
天空
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
天空
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
天
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
天
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
天
Zhuhai (Doumen)
天
Jiangmen (Baisha)
天
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
天
Taishan
天
Taishan (Guanghai)
天
Kaiping (Chikan)
天
Enping (Niujiang)
天
Heshan (Yayao)
天空
Dongguan
天
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
天空
Lianshan (Yonghe)
天
Pingnan (Danzhu)
天
Chongzuo (Laituan)
天
Fusui (Qujiu)
天
Singapore (Guangfu)
天
Mandalay (Taishan)
天
Gan
Nanchang
天
Hakka
Meixian
天
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
天 , 天空
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)
天
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)
天
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)
天
Dongguan (Qingxi)
天頂
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)
天
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)
天
Boluo (Bendihua)
天
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
天空
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
天
Heyuan (Bendihua)
天
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)
天
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)
天
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)
天
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)
天
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)
天
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)
天
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)
天
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)
天
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
天空
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
天
Southern Min
Xiamen
天
Singapore (Hokkien)
天
Manila (Hokkien)
天 , 天頂
Singapore (Teochew)
天
Zhongshan Min
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
天
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Sucun)
天
Wu
Shanghai
天
Suzhou
天
Wenzhou
天
Jinhua
天公 , 天
Xiang
Changsha
天
Xiangxiang
天
Hengshan
天
Dialectal synonyms of
天氣 (“weather”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
氣候 , 天景 , 氣
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
天氣
Northeastern Mandarin
Beijing
天氣 , 天兒
Taiwan
天氣
Ulanhot
天頭
Tongliao
天頭
Chifeng
天氣
Hulunbuir (Hailar)
天氣
Harbin
天氣 , 天兒 , 天
Shenyang
天氣 , 天頭
Malaysia
天氣
Singapore
天氣
Jilu Mandarin
Tianjin
天兒
Tangshan
天氣 , 天頭
Cangzhou
天氣
Baoding
天氣 , 天道
Shijiazhuang
天氣
Jinan
天氣 , 天兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin
Yantai (Muping)
天氣
Qingdao
天氣 , 天兒
Central Plains Mandarin
Luoyang
天氣
Wanrong
天氣
Zhengzhou
天氣
Xi'an
天氣
Dingbian
天 , 天氣
Xining
天氣 , 天氣兒
Xuzhou
天氣 , 天
Qimen (Anling; Junhua)
天氣
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
天氣
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
天氣
Lanyin Mandarin
Yinchuan
天氣
Bayanhot
天氣
Lanzhou
天氣
Ürümqi
天氣 , 天
Southwestern Mandarin
Chengdu
天氣
Wuhan
天氣 , 天道
Guiyang
天氣
Kunming
天氣
Guilin
天氣
Guilin (Lingui)
天氣
Pingle
天氣
Liuzhou
天氣 , 天時
Liuzhou (Luorong)
天氣
Luzhai
天氣
Nanning (Wuming)
天氣 , 天色
Hechi (Yizhou)
天氣 , 天時
Luocheng (Dongmen)
天氣
Tianlin (Langping)
天氣
Mae Salong (Lancang)
天氣 , 天時
Mae Sai (Tengchong)
天氣
Oudomxay
天氣
Pematangsiantar
天氣
Jianghuai Mandarin
Nanjing
天氣 , 天
Yangzhou
天氣 , 天
Nantong
天氣
Hefei
天氣
Huanggang
天頭
Cantonese
Guangzhou
天氣 , 天時 , 天候
Hong Kong
天氣 , 天時 , 天候
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
天候 , 天時
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
天時 , 天氣
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
天時
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
天時
Macau
天氣
Guangzhou (Panyu)
天時
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
天氣
Guangzhou (Conghua)
天時
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
天氣
Foshan
天時
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
天時
Foshan (Shunde)
天氣
Foshan (Sanshui)
天氣
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
天氣
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
天時
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)
天氣
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
天時
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
天時
Zhuhai (Doumen)
天時
Jiangmen (Baisha)
天時
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
天時
Taishan
天時 , 天氣
Taishan (Guanghai)
天氣
Kaiping (Chikan)
天時
Enping (Niujiang)
天時
Heshan (Yayao)
天氣
Dongguan
天時 , 天氣
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
天時
Qingyuan
天時
Fogang
天時
Yingde (Hanguang)
天時
Yangshan
天氣
Lianshan (Butian)
天氣
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)
天氣
Shaoguan
天時
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
天候 , 天氣
Renhua
天時
Lechang
天氣
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
天氣
Sihui
天時
Guangning
天時
Deqing
天時 , 天氣
Huaiji
天時
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
天氣
Yunfu
天氣
Xinxing
天時
Luoding
天時
Yunan (Pingtai)
天氣
Yangjiang
天時 , 天氣
Xinyi
天氣
Lianjiang
天氣
Nanning
天氣
Wuzhou
天氣
Yulin
天氣
Hepu (Lianzhou)
天時 , 天氣
Hepu (Shatian)
天時
Guiping
天氣
Guiping (Jintian)
天氣
Guiping (Jiangkou)
天氣 , 天時 , 天色
Guiping (Madong)
天氣 , 天色
Mengshan (Xihe)
天色
Guigang (Nanjiang)
天氣
Beiliu
天氣 , 天色
Beiliu (Tangliao)
天色
Baise
天氣
Bobai
天氣
Lingshan
天氣
Pubei
天氣
Qinzhou
天氣
Beihai
天氣 , 天時
Beihai (Nankang)
天時
Beihai (Yingpan)
天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
天氣 , 天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
天氣 , 天時
Ningming
天氣
Hengzhou
天氣
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)
天氣
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
天氣 , 天時
Lingchuan (Yangjia)
天時
Pingle (Majia)
天氣
Pingle (Shuishan)
天氣
Danzhou
天
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
天時 , 天氣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
天時
Móng Cái
天氣 , 天時
Yangon (Taishan)
天氣 , 氣候
Mandalay (Taishan)
天氣
Bangkok (Guangfu)
天時
Gan
Nanchang
天氣 , 天色
Pengze
天勢
Lichuan
天氣 , 天頭
Pingxiang
天 , 天氣
Hakka
Meixian
天氣 , 天色 , 天時
Xingning
天時
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
天時
Huidong (Daling)
天時
Dongguan (Qingxi)
天時
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
天時
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)
天時
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
天時
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
天時
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
天時
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
天氣
Changting
天時
Wuping
天時
Wuping (Pingyu)
天時
Liancheng
天時
Liancheng (Peitian)
天意
Yudu
天氣
Ruijin
天氣
Shicheng
天頭
Shangyou (Shexi)
天色
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
天時 , 天氣
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
天時 , 天氣
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
天時 , 天氣
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
天時 , 天氣
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
天時 , 天氣
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
天氣
Hong Kong
天時
Luchuan (Daqiao)
天氣
Bobai (Shahe)
天氣
Bobai (Longtan)
天氣
Bobai (Lingping)
天氣 , 天時
Beiliu (Tang'an)
天時
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)
天氣
Mashan (Pianlian)
天氣
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)
天氣
Pingle (Tong'an)
天氣
Yangshuo (Jinbao)
天氣
Sabah (Longchuan)
天時
Senai (Huiyang)
天時
Singkawang
天時 , 天氣
Pontianak (Meixian)
天時 , 天氣
Bangkok (Meixian)
天時
Bangkok (Fengshun)
天氣
Bangkok (Jiexi)
天時
Huizhou
Jixi
天公
Shexian
天氣
Shexian (Xianggao)
天氣
Shexian (Daguyun)
天氣
Qimen (Anling; Minhua)
天氣
Jin
Taiyuan
天氣 , 天
Datong
天氣
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)
天氣
Xinzhou
天氣
Changzhi
天氣
Taibus (Baochang)
天氣
Linhe
天氣
Jining
天氣
Hohhot
天氣 , 氣候
Baotou
天氣
Dongsheng
天氣
Haibowan
天氣
Zhangjiakou
天氣
Handan
天氣
Northern Min
Jian'ou
天氣 , 天時
Pucheng (Shibei)
天氣
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
天氣 , 天時
Fuqing
天氣
Matsu
天氣
Southern Min
Xiamen
天時 , 天氣
Quanzhou
天時 , 天氣
Shishi
天時
Yongchun
天色
Zhangzhou
天時 , 天氣
Zhao'an
天氣 , 天時
Dongshan
天時
Penang (Hokkien)
天時
Singapore (Hokkien)
天時 , 天氣
Manila (Hokkien)
天氣
Pingnan (Shangdu)
天氣
Guiping (Xiaowen)
天氣
Guiping (Dongsheng)
天氣
Guilin (Biyange)
天氣
Yuhuan (Kanmen)
天時
Chaozhou
天時 , 天氣
Shantou
天時
Shantou (Chenghai)
天時
Shantou (Chaoyang)
天時
Nan'ao (Houzhai)
天時
Nan'ao (Yun'ao)
天時
Jieyang
天時
Lufeng
天時
Haifeng
天時
Bangkok (Teochew)
天時
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
天時
Singapore (Teochew)
天時
Pontianak (Teochew)
天時
Wenchang
天氣
Haikou
天時
Qionghai
天氣
Singapore (Hainanese)
天氣
Puxian Min
Putian
天時
Xianyou
天時
Central Min
Yong'an
天氣
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)
天氣
Zhongshan Min
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
天時
Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
天時
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
天氣
Nanning (Shajing)
天氣
Nanning (Silian)
天氣
Northern Pinghua
Guilin (Dahe)
天氣
Guilin (Chaoyang)
天氣
Guilin (Zhuyuan)
天氣
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)
天氣
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)
天氣
Lingchuan (Tanxia)
天氣
Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)
天氣
Guanyang (Guanyinge)
天色
Pingle (Zhangjia)
天氣
Yangshuo (Jima)
天氣
Yangshuo (Putao)
天色 , 天氣
Shehua
Fu'an
天性
Fuding
天氣
Luoyuan
天性
Sanming
天氣
Shunchang
天氣
Hua'an
天時
Guixi (Zhangping)
天氣
Cangnan
天氣
Jingning (Hexi)
天性
Lishui
天性
Longyou
天性
Chaozhou
天氣
Fengshun
天時
Waxiang
Luxi (Liangjiatan)
天氣
Chengbu (Xuntou)
天色
Wu
Shanghai
天氣
Shanghai (Chongming)
天色
Suzhou
天氣 , 天
Danyang
天氣 , 天光
Hangzhou
天空
Shaoxing
天家
Shaoxing (Keqiao)
天時
Ningbo
天家
Linhai
天家
Yuhuan (Damaiyu)
天色
Yuhuan (Chumen)
天家
Wenzhou
天色 , 天時
Jinhua
天公 , 天氣
Xiang
Changsha
天色 , 天氣
Xiangxiang
天氣
Loudi
天色
Shuangfeng
天氣
Hengshan
天
Hengshan (Baiguo)
天
Quanzhou
天氣
Guanyang (Wenshi)
天氣
Dialectal synonyms of
天 (“day (24 hours)”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
日
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
日 , 天
Northeastern Mandarin
Beijing
天
Taiwan
天
Malaysia
天
Singapore
天
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)
天
Central Plains Mandarin
Wanrong
天
Lanyin Mandarin
Ürümqi
天
Southwestern Mandarin
Chengdu
天
Guiyang
天
Guilin
天
Liuzhou
天
Cantonese
Guangzhou
日
Hong Kong
日
Taishan
日
Taishan (Guanghai)
日
Guiping (Jintian)
日
Chongzuo (Laituan)
天
Fusui (Qujiu)
日
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
日
Singapore (Guangfu)
日
Mandalay (Taishan)
日 , 天
Gan
Nanchang
日
Lichuan
日
Pingxiang
工 , 日
Hakka
Meixian
日
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
日
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
日
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
日
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
日
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
日
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
日
Huizhou
Jixi
日
Jin
Taiyuan
天
Northern Min
Jian'ou
工
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
日 , 工
Gutian
工
Pingnan
工
Fu'an
工
Ningde
工
Xiapu
工
Zherong
工
Shouning
工
Zhouning
工
Fuding
工
Southern Min
Xiamen
日
Quanzhou
日 , 工
Anxi
工
Yongchun
日 , 工
Zhangzhou
日
Zhangzhou (Changtai)
日
Zhao'an
日
Dongshan
日
Taipei
工 , 日
New Taipei (Sanxia)
工 , 日
Kaohsiung
工 , 日
Yilan
工 , 日
Changhua (Lukang)
工 , 日
Taichung
日 , 工
Taichung (Wuqi)
工
Tainan
工 , 日
Taitung
日
Hsinchu
日 , 工
Kinmen
工
Penghu (Magong)
工
Penang (Hokkien)
日
Singapore (Hokkien)
工 , 日
Manila (Hokkien)
日
Datian
工
Pingnan (Pingtian)
日
Guilin (Biyange)
日
Chaozhou
日
Shantou
日
Singapore (Teochew)
日
Haikou
日
Singapore (Hainanese)
日
Puxian Min
Putian
工 , 日
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
工
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
日
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
工
Xianyou
工
Xianyou (Fengting)
工
Xianyou (Youyang)
工
Northern Pinghua
Guilin (Dabu)
日
Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)
日
Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui)
日
Lingchuan (Sanjie)
日
Wu
Shanghai
天 , 日 , 日天
Suzhou
日
Hangzhou
日
Ningbo
日
Wenzhou
日
Jinhua
日
Xiang
Changsha
天
Compounds
Descendants
References
Japanese
Kanji
天
(First grade kyōiku kanji )
heavens , sky
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
From Old Japanese . A bound form only appearing in compounds.[ 1] [ 2] Compare the formation of 目 ( ma , bound form in compounds ) and 目 ( me , standalone form ) , 手 ( ta , bound form in compounds ) and 手 ( te , standalone form ) .
Pronunciation
Noun
天( あま ) • (ama )
( archaic ) the sky , the heavens
the area above a kitchen stove :
where the smoke collects in an old kitchen using a wood-burning stove
a shelf or shelves above the stove
( archaic ) heaven
Derived terms
Derived terms from noun あま
Etymology 2
⟨ame2 ⟩ → */aməj/ → /ame/
From Old Japanese as a sound shift from ama above.[ 1] Compare 神 ( kami, kan-, kamu- , “ god ” ) , 目 ( me, ma- , “ eye ” ) , etc. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *amay .
Pronunciation
Noun
天( あめ ) • (ame )
( archaic ) the sky , the heavens
( archaic ) heaven
( archaic ) the roof of a palace
Derived terms
Derived terms from noun あめ
Idioms
Etymology 3
From Middle Chinese 天 (MC then , “sky; heavens”). Compare modern Mandarin reading tiān .
Pronunciation
Noun
天( てん ) • (ten )
the sky , the heavens
heaven
( Buddhism ) a deva or devi
Hyponym: 天女 ( tennyo )
天( てん ) 道( どう ) tendō the world of heavenly gods; the world of devas
天( てん ) 部( ぶ ) tenbu devas; the class of heavenly gods
大( だい ) 黒( こく ) 天( てん ) Daikokuten Mahakala (literally, “the Great Black Deva”)
弁( べん ) 才( ざい ) 天( てん ) Benzaiten Saraswati (literally, “the Eloquent Devi”)
( figurative ) the gods , providence , fate
天( てん ) の与( あた ) えten no ataegift from the gods
( printing , of a page) the top margin
Antonym: 地
Hypernym: マージン
Derived terms
Derived terms from noun てん
雨天( うてん ) ( uten )
天下( てんか ) ( tenka ) , ( rarely ) 天下( てんげ ) ( tenge )
天蓋( てんがい ) ( tengai )
天気( てんき ) ( tenki ) : weather
天狗( てんぐ ) ( tengu ) : long-nosed youkai of Japanese mythology
天空( てんくう ) ( tenkū )
天候( てんこう ) ( tenkō ) : weather
天降( てんこう ) ( tenkō )
天国( てんごく ) ( tengoku ) : heaven
天才( てんさい ) ( tensai ) : genius , prodigy
天災( てんさい ) ( tensai )
天災( てんさい ) 地( ち ) 変( へん ) ( tensai chihen )
天使( てんし ) ( tenshi ) : heavenly messenger , angel
天上( てんじょう ) ( tenjō )
天井( てんじょう ) ( tenjō ) : roof , ceiling
天職( てんしょく ) ( tenshoku )
天真( てんしん ) 爛漫( らんまん ) ( tenshin ranman )
天神( てんじん ) ( tenjin ) : a god of heaven , heavenly being
天神( てんじん ) 地( ち ) 祇( ぎ ) ( tenjin chigi ) : the gods of heaven and earth
天性( てんせい ) ( tensei ) inherent nature , disposition
天体( てんたい ) ( tentai )
天地( てんち ) ( tenchi ) : heaven and earth
天頂( てんちょう ) ( tenchō ) : a zenith
天然( てんねん ) ( tennen ) : natural , innate
天皇( てんのう ) ( tennō ) : emperor (of Japan)
天罰( てんばつ ) ( tenbatsu ) : divine punishment
天秤( てんびん ) ( tenbin ) : a balance , a pair of scales
天変( てんぺん ) 地( ち ) 異( い ) ( tenpen chī ) : an extraordinary natural phenomenon or occurrence
天文( てんもん ) ( tenmon )
天文学( てんもんがく ) ( tenmongaku )
天文台( てんもんだい ) ( tenmondai )
弁( べん ) 才( ざい ) 天( てん ) , 辯( べん ) 才( ざい ) 天( てん ) , 弁( べん ) 財( ざい ) 天( てん ) , 辨( べん ) 財( ざい ) 天( てん ) ( benzaiten )
楽天( らくてん ) ( rakuten ) : an optimistic outlook , easygoing -ness
楽天( らくてん ) 家( か ) ( rakutenka ) : an optimist
楽天( らくてん ) 主( しゅ ) 義( ぎ ) ( rakuten shugi ) : optimism
楽天( らくてん ) 主( しゅ ) 義( ぎ ) 者( しゃ ) ( rakuten shugisha ) : an optimist
Idioms
Affix
天( てん ) • (ten )
the sky , the heavens
heaven
Short for 天ぷら ( tenpura ) .
References
↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition) ] (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira , editor (2006 ), 大辞林 [Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN
↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute , editor (1998 ), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary ] (in Japanese), Tokyo : NHK Publishing, Inc. , →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 天 (MC then ).
Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun , 1448
텬 (Yale : thyèn )
Middle Korean
Text
Eumhun
Gloss (hun )
Reading
Hunmong Jahoe , 1527
하ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale : hànól )
텬 (Yale : thyèn )
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
天 (eumhun 하늘 천 ( haneul cheon ) )
hanja form? of 천 ( “ sky ; heaven ” )
Compounds
Compounds
천개 (天蓋 , cheon'gae )
천계 (天啓 , cheon'gye )
천구 (天球 , cheon'gu )
천국 (天菊 , cheon'guk )
천국 (天國 , cheon'guk )
천궁 (天穹 , cheon'gung )
천당 (天堂 , cheondang )
천리 (天理 , cheolli )
천명 (天命 , cheonmyeong )
천명 (天明 , cheonmyeong )
천문 (天文 , cheonmun )
천벌 (天罰 , cheonbeol )
천부 (天父 , cheonbu )
천사 (天使 , cheonsa )
천산 (天山 , Cheonsan )
천상 (天上 , cheonsang )
천성 (天性 , cheonseong )
천신 (天神 , cheonsin )
천아 (天鵝 , cheona )
천연 (天然 , cheonyeon )
천자 (天子 , cheonja )
천장 (天障 , cheonjang )
천재 (天才 , cheonjae , “genius ”)
천재 (天災 , cheonjae )
천저 (天底 , cheonjeo )
천적 (天敵 , cheonjeok )
천정 (天頂 , cheonjeong )
천주 (天主 , cheonju )
천지 (天地 , cheonji )
천직 (天職 , cheonjik )
천진 (天津 , Cheonjin , “Tianjin ”)
천체 (天體 , cheonche )
천칭 (天秤 , cheonching )
천하 (天下 , cheonha )
천하 (天河 , cheonha )
천황 (天皇 , cheonhwang )
범천 (梵天 , beomcheon )
상천 (上天 , sangcheon )
선천 (先天 , seoncheon )
승천 (昇天 , seungcheon )
천랑성 (天狼星 , cheollangseong , “Sirius ”)
천문대 (天文臺 , cheonmundae )
천문학 (天文學 , cheonmunhak )
천상의 (天象儀 , cheonsang'ui )
천안문 (天安門 , Cheonanmun , “Tian'anmen ”)
천연두 (天然痘 , cheonyeondu )
천왕성 (天王星 , cheonwangseong , “Uranus ”)
천평칭 (天平秤 , cheonpyeongching , “scale ; balance ”)
마천루 (摩天樓 , macheollu )
신천옹 (信天翁 , sincheonong , “albatross ”)
이민위천 (以民爲天 , iminwicheon )
References
국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典 .
Vietnamese
Han character
天 : Hán Việt readings: thiên [ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
天 : Nôm readings: thiên [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] , thiêng [ 1]
chữ Hán form of thiên ( “ sky ; heaven ; God ” ) .
Compounds
Derived terms
皇天 (hoàng thiên )
開天立地 (khai thiên lập địa )
驚天動地 (kinh thiên động địa )
露天 (lộ thiên )
母上天 (Mẫu Thượng Thiên , “none of four heavenly mothers in Đạo Mẫu ”)
人定勝天 (nhân định thắng thiên )
國色天香 (quốc sắc thiên hương )
升天 (thăng thiên )
青天白日 (thanh thiên bạch nhật )
青天 (thanh thiên )
天恩 (thiên ân )
天干 (Thiên Can )
天球 (thiên cầu )
天主 (Thiên Chúa , “God ”)
天機 (thiên cơ )
天宮 (thiên cung )
天堂 (thiên đàng )
天道 (thiên đạo )
天地 (thiên địa )
天敵 (thiên địch )
天定 (thiên định )
天庭 (thiên đình )
天頂 (thiên đỉnh )
天堂 (thiên đường , “heaven ; paradise ”)
天界 (thiên giới )
天下 (thiên hạ , “the outside world ”)
天河 (thiên hà )
天后 (Thiên Hậu )
天花 (thiên hoa )
天皇 (thiên hoàng )
天香 (thiên hương )
天雷 (thiên lôi )
天馬 (Thiên Mã )
天命 (thiên mệnh )
天鵝 (thiên nga )
天顏 (thiên nhan )
天然 (thiên nhiên , “nature ; natural ”)
天賦 (thiên phú )
天山 (Thiên Sơn , “Tian Shan ”)
天使 (thiên sứ , “angel ”)
天才 (thiên tài )
天災 (thiên tai )
天造 (thiên tạo )
天石 (thiên thạch )
天台 (thiên thai )
天神 (thiên thần , “angel ”)
天體 (thiên thể )
天時 (thiên thời )
天上 (thiên thượng )
天仙 (thiên tiên )
天性 (thiên tính )
天子 (thiên tử )
天資 (thiên tư )
天文學 (thiên văn học , “astronomy ”)
天文 (thiên văn )
天 (Thiên )
順天 (Thuận Thiên , “mythical sword of Vietnamese King Lê Lợi, literally Heaven's will”)
References