天主

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• 天主

Lord of Heaven (in Chinese folk religion)

Attested earliest in Records of the Grand Historian:

• 八神：一曰天主，祠天齊。天齊淵水，居臨菑南郊山下者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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  八神：一曰天主，祠天齐。天齐渊水，居临菑南郊山下者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE, translated based on Burton Watson's version

  Bā shén: yī yuē tiānzhǔ, cí Tiānqí. Tiānqí yuānshuǐ, jū Línzī nánjiāo shān xià zhě.

  Of the Eight Spirits, the first was called the Lord of Heaven; sacrifices to him were offered at the Navel of Heaven, which is the name of a spring situated at the foot of a mountain in the southern suburbs of the city of Linzi

God (in Christianity, chiefly Catholicism)

First attested in True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven (《天主實錄》), completed by Italian Jesuit priest and missionary Michele Ruggieri in 1584 (Wang, 2012), as a semantic readaptation of Chinese 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, “heavenly emperor; heavenly God”).

天主

1. (Chinese folk religion) Lord of Heaven
2. (chiefly Catholicism) God, the Lord

   • 在起初天主創造了天地。 [MSC, trad.]
     在起初天主创造了天地。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 思高聖經 (Studium Biblicum Version), 創世紀 (Genesis) 1:1

     Zài qǐchū Tiānzhǔ chuàngzào le tiāndì.

     In the beginning God created heaven, and earth.

   • 又信惟一主——伊伊穌斯合鿠斯托斯——爲天主之獨一子。 [MSC, trad.]
     又信惟一主——伊伊稣斯合鿟斯托斯——为天主之独一子。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1863, 《東敎宗鑑》

     Yòu xìn wéiyī zhǔ — Yīyīsūsī Hélìsītuōsī — wéi Tiānzhǔ zhī dúyī zǐ.

     And I believe only lord – Jesus Christ – is God’s only son.

Others:

• → Manchu: ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ
  ᡝᠵᡝᠨ (abkai ejen) (calque)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

天主

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 天主 (then tsyu^X).

Earliest attested in Japanese no later than 1581. It may or may not be coincidental that Japanese 天主(てんしゅ) (Tenshu) was coined to denote the Christian God around the same time as when Chinese 天主 was adopted for the same purpose.

• (Tokyo) てんしゅ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

天(てん)主(しゅ) • (Tenshu) 

1. (Christianity) the Lord of Heaven; God

天主 • (Cheonju) (hangeul 천주)

1. hanja form^? of 천주 (“the Lord of Heaven; God”)

天主

1. chữ Hán form of Thiên Chúa (“God, the Lord of Heaven”).