天子

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Chinese

day; sky; heaven
child; son; (noun suffix)
child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
 
simp. and trad.
(天子) 		天 子
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Etymology

Attested earliest in the bronze inscriptions dated to King Kang of Zhou's reign.[1]

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 天 子
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV III
Fanqie 他前切 即里切
Baxter then tsiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰen/ /t͡sɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰen/ /t͡sɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛn/ /t͡sieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛn/ /t͡sɨX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰen/ /t͡siəX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰien/ /t͡sĭəX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰien/ /t͡siX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiān zǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tin1 zi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 天 天 子
Reading # 1/2 2/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tiān xiān zǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ then › ‹ xen › ‹ tsiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁi/ /*l̥ˁi/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) /*tsəʔ/
English heaven heaven child; gentleman, master

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 天 子
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12387 17857
Phonetic
component 		天 子
Rime
group 		眞 之
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		天 子
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰl'iːn/ /*ʔslɯʔ/

Noun

天子

  1. Son of Heaven; emperor

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (天子):

Others:

References

  1. ^ Eno, Robert (2012) “Inscriptional records of the Western Zhou”, in scholarworks.iu.edu‎, page 18
  2. ^ Tharsen, Jeffrey R. (2015) Chinese Euphonics : Phonetic Patterns, Phonorhetoric and Literary Artistry in Early Chinese Narrative Texts (PhD)‎, University of Chicago

Japanese

Kanji in this term
天 子
てん
Grade: 1 		し
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

天(てん)子(し) • (tenshi) 

  1. the Emperor of China, Son of Heaven
  2. (poetic, dated) the Emperor of Japan

Korean

Hanja in this term
天子

Noun

天子 • (cheonja) (hangeul 천자)

  1. hanja form? of 천자 (“the Emperor of China, Son of Heaven”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
天子

Noun

天子

  1. chữ Hán form of thiên tử (“Son of Heaven”).
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