天竺
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Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
| simp. #(天竺) | 天 | 竺 | |
| alternative forms | |||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tin1 zuk1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Thian-tiok
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1thi-tsoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄓㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Tianjhú
- Wade–Giles: Tʻien1-chu2
- Yale: Tyān-jú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tianjwu
- Palladius: Тяньчжу (Tjanʹčžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tin1 zuk1
- Yale: tīn jūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tin1 dzuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: tin1 zug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thian-tiok
- Tâi-lô: Thian-tiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiendiog
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ tiɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: then trjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn tuɡ/
Etymology 1
First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Old Persian (*Hinduka-) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hinduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).
Proper noun
天竺
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (天竺):
Etymology 2
Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:
In Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:
- https://zh.wikisource.orghttps://dictious.com/en/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。
In Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.
Proper noun
天竺
- (～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
| てん Grade: 1 |
じく Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/
From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:
- Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
- Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)
First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).
Proper noun
天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Synonyms
Prefix
天竺 • (Tenjiku) ←てんぢく (tendiku)?
Usage notes
The prefix senses appear to have arisen after European traders arrived in Japan, by way of India.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 天竺葵 (Tenjiku aoi): an “Indian hollyhock or mallow” → a geranium
- 天竺織 (tenjiku ori): “Indian weaving” → a kind of thick woven cloth featuring various designs of birds, people, and other motifs
- 天竺花 (Tenjiku ka): an “Indian flower” → alternate for 萩 (hagi, “bush clover”)
- 天竺楽 (Tenjiku gaku): “Indian music” → those pieces of 雅楽 (gagaku, “ancient court music”) originating from India
- 天竺鮫 (Tenjiku-zame): an “Indian shark” → a wobbegong, a shark of family Orectolobidae
- 天竺鯛 (Tenjiku-dai): an “Indian sea bream” → a kind of cardinalfish, Apogon lineatus
- 天竺茄子 (Tenjiku nasubi): “Indian eggplant” → alternate for 朝鮮朝顔 (Chōsen asagao, literally “Korean morning glory”): the devil's trumpet or metel, Datura metel
- 天竺鼠 (Tenjiku nezumi): an “Indian rat” → a guinea pig, a cavy
- 天竺醤 (Tenjiku hishio): “Indian sauce” → a kind of spicy uncooked miso
- 天竺菩提樹 (Tenjiku bodaiju): “Indian linden tree” → the bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa
- 天竺牡丹 (Tenjiku botan): an “Indian peony” → a dahlia
- 天竺豆 (Tenjiku mame): “Indian bean” → alternate for 八升豆 (hasshō mame): the velvet bean, Mucuna pruriens
- 天竺守 (Tenjiku mamori): “Indian protector, Indian charm” → alternate for 八房 (yatsubusa), the fasciculatum variety of Capsicum annuum (chili pepper)
- 天竺味噌 (Tenjiku miso): “Indian miso” → spicy miso
- 天竺木綿 (Tenjiku momen): “Indian cotton” → thickly woven cotton sheeting
- 天竺様 (Tenjiku yō): “Indian style” → a style of Buddhist temple architecture imported from the Southern Song Dynasty during the Kamakura period
Etymology 2
By extension from the 天 character (“sky, heavens”), and possibly by association with the Himalayas.
Noun
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 天竺豆 (tenjiku mame): “sky bean” → alternate for 空豆 (sora mame): the broad bean or fava bean, Vicia faba
- 天竺浪人 (tenjiku rōnin): a vagrant, a wanderer (The 天竺 portion of this term is purely slang, a play on the term 逐電 (chikuden, “running away, absconding”, literally “chasing lightning”).)
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
Proper noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 天 | 竺 |
Proper noun
天竺
- chữ Hán form of Thiên Trúc (“India”).