天竺

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 天竺 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 天竺 (Cantonese)
• Thian-tiok (Southern Min)
• Tianzhu (India) (English)

First recorded use in the Book of Later Han, compiled in the 5th century. Itself a transcription of Old Persian (*Hinduka-) (Pulleyblank, 1962, Coblin, 1983), hypocoristic of 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿduš, “people living beyond the Indus”). Compare 身毒 (Juāndú).

天竺

1. (～國) (archaic) India

• 身毒 (Juāndú), 賢豆／贤豆 (Xiándòu), 狷篤／狷笃, 乾篤／干笃, (modern) 印度 (Yìndù)

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Per 《北京市顺义县地名志》:

In Liao dynasty, there is a place named 天柱莊:

• https://zh.wikisource.orghttps://dictious.com/en/%E9%81%BC%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B740: 順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。……城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。

In Qing dynasty, the village is renamed to 天竺, since they have similar pronunciation.

天竺

1. (～地區) Tianzhu Area (an area in Shunyi District, Beijing, China)

• (Tokyo) てんじく (Atamadaka – )^[1][2]
• IPA^(key):

/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/

From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:

• Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
• Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)^[3]

First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).

天(てん)竺(じく) • (Tenjiku) ^{←てんぢく (Tendiku)?}

1. (archaic) India

• インド (Indo)
• 身(しん)毒(どく) (Shindoku)

天(てん)竺(じく) • (Tenjiku) ^{←てんぢく (tendiku-)?}

1. foreign or exotic
2. overly spicy or hot

The prefix senses appear to have arisen after European traders arrived in Japan, by way of India.^[3]

By extension from the 天 character (“sky, heavens”), and possibly by association with the Himalayas.

天(てん)竺(じく) • (tenjiku) 

1. the sky, the heavens
2. a high place, the top of something, a summit

天竺 • (Cheonchuk) (hangeul 천축)

1. hanja form^? of 천축 (“India”)

天竺

1. chữ Hán form of Thiên Trúc (“India”).