天馬

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Chinese

day; sky; heaven horse; surname
trad. (天馬) 天 馬
simp. (天马) 天 马
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Pronunciation

Rime
Character 天 馬
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 先 (85) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV II
Fanqie 他前切 莫下切
Baxter then maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰen/ /mˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰen/ /mᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɛn/ /maX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰɛn/ /maɨX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰen/ /maX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰien/ /maX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tʰien/ /maX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tiān mǎ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tin1 maa5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 天 天 馬
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tiān xiān mǎ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ then › ‹ xen › ‹ mæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁi/ /*l̥ˁi/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) /*mˁraʔ/
English heaven heaven horse

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 天 馬
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12387 8715
Phonetic
component 		天 馬
Rime
group 		眞 魚
Rime
subdivision 		1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		天 馬
Old
Chinese 		/*qʰl'iːn/ /*mraːʔ/

Noun

天馬

  1. (literary, laudatory) fine horse
  2. (literary, Chinese mythology) mythical horse ridden by the Celestial Emperor
  3. (literary, Chinese mythology) white dog-like beast with a black head, which flies when it sees people
  4. (literary, Chinese astronomy) a star in the Legs mansion
  5. (literary) praying mantis
  6. (literary, Greek mythology) Pegasus

Synonyms

(mantis):

Dialectal synonyms of 螳螂 (“praying mantis”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 螳蜋, 螳蠰, 蟷蜋, 蟷蠰, 䖨蜋, 莫貈, 蛑, 髦, 不過, 虰, 蝆蝆, 天馬, 齕疣, 食疣, 蚚父, 拒斧, 蜛蚥, 馬敫, 勇蟲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 螳螂
Taxonomic name 螳螂
Mandarin Beijing 刀螂
Taiwan 螳螂
Tianjin 刀螂
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 刀螂
Harbin 刀螂
Yantai (Muping) 刀龍
Qingdao 刀螂
Jinan 刀螂
Luoyang 螳螂
Wanrong 鋤田老漢
Zhengzhou 砍刀
Xi'an 猴子
Xining 螳螂
Ürümqi 猴子
Wuhan 修子, 蔥擔婆
Chengdu 螳螂, 猴子, 孫猴子
Guiyang 螳螂
Guilin 螳螂
Liuzhou 馬螂䗧
Xuzhou 砍頭螂
Yangzhou 刀螂子
Nanjing 螳螂
Hefei 刀螂
Singapore 螳螂
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 猴子
Cantonese Guangzhou 馬螂狂
Hong Kong 螳螂, 馬螂狂 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 斬柴郎
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 羊貓哥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 斬刀娘
Taishan 鉸剪霎
Kaiping (Chikan) 馬交螂
Dongguan 螳螂
Yunfu 馬螂狂
Yangjiang 馬騮狂
Nanning 馬螂狂
Wuzhou 馬螂狂
Yulin 馬螂狂
Hepu (Lianzhou) 馬螂狂
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 螳螂
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 馬螂狂
Gan Nanchang 螳螂
Lichuan 螳螂
Pingxiang 猴子
Liuyang 禾猴哩
Hakka Meixian 螳螂仔, 螳螂
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 老虎阿哥
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 老虎哥
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 豹虎哥
Wuhua (Huacheng) 禾擔竿, 擔竿板, 生鹵刀嫲
Wuhua (Changbu) 豹虎哥
Wuhua (Mianyang) 豹虎哥
Yudu 碓雞公, 猴子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 草馬仔, 挨礱披波, 老虎哥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 竹篙鬼, 調羹仔, 㧡擔竿, 㧡水擔竿, 五爪鬼, 草馬仔, 挨礱披波
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 老虎哥, 挨礱披波, 草馬仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 草馬, 挨礱噓呼
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 挨礱披波, 草馬仔, 草馬, 老虎哥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 草猴
Hong Kong 豹虎哥
Luchuan (Daqiao) 馬猴螳
Senai (Huiyang) 螳螂, 斬刀羊 dated
Huizhou Jixi 滾龍狂
Jin Taiyuan 扁擔婆, 吃猴蟲
Pingyao 扁擔, 吃猴蟲兒
Xinzhou 掐猴猴蟲, 槌敲
Taibus (Baochang) 簸簸箕
Linhe 簸簸箕
Hohhot 螳螂, 扁擔
Northern Min Jian'ou 蘆螞
Eastern Min Fuzhou 草蜢哥
Fuqing 慘蜢
Southern Min Xiamen 草猴, 草衝
Quanzhou 芒螳
Zhangzhou 虎魯舅
Pinghe 老虎舅
Taipei 草猴
New Taipei (Sanxia) 草猴
Kaohsiung 草猴
Yilan 草猴
Changhua (Lukang) 螳螂
Taichung 草猴
Tainan 草猴
Hsinchu 草猴, 鐵頭
Kinmen 國舅, 樹貓
Penghu (Magong) 草猴
Singapore (Hokkien) 草猴, 草衝, 樹貓
Zhangping (Yongfu) 灶雞
Chaozhou 草猴
Shantou 草猴
Shantou (Chenghai) 草猴
Jieyang 草猴
Haifeng 苦舅
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 杜猴
Singapore (Teochew) 草猴
Pontianak (Teochew) 草猴
Wenchang 擔油公, 日頭翼
Haikou 擔油公
Puxian Min Putian 草猴
Xianyou 草猴
Central Min Yong'an 螳螂
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 馬喵螂
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 馬螂䗧
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 虎頭劈
Wu Shanghai 螳螂
Shanghai (Chongming) 螳螂
Suzhou 螳螂
Danyang 蚱螂
Hangzhou 螳螂
Wenzhou 頭毛公公, 頭毛娘, 頭毛虎, 頭毛吊, 打刀娘, 剪裾娘, 紫金娘
Xiang Changsha 禾老蟲
Xiangtan 禾老虎
Loudi 禾老蟲
Shuangfeng 禾老蟲
Quanzhou 螳螂

Proper noun

天馬

  1. (～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)

Derived terms

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
天 馬
てん
Grade: 1 		ま
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ).

Pronunciation

Noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (tenma) 

  1. (Japanese mythology, fiction) Heavenly steed

Proper noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (Tenma) 

  1. a surname
Descendants
  • English: Tenma

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
天 馬
ペガサス
Grade: 1 Grade: 2
irregular

天 (“sky”) +‎ 馬 (“horse”). From Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), and associated with the term sky horse.

Pronunciation

Noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (pegasasu) 

  1. (mythology, fiction) pegasus, a winged horse

Proper noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (Pegasasu) 

  1. (Greek mythology) The Pegasus winged horse

Korean

Hanja in this term
天馬

Proper noun

天馬 • (Cheonma) (hangeul 천마)

  1. Hanja form? of 천마.

Vietnamese

Han character

天馬

  1. chữ Hán form of thiên mã.
  2. chữ Hán form of Thiên Mã.
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