太古

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Chinese

		too (much); very; extremely too (much); very; extremely; highest; greatest	ancient; old
simp. and trad. (太古)		太	古

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tàigǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taai³ gu²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thài-kó͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tha-ku

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tàigǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tàigǔ
  - Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴-ku³
  - Yale: tài-gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tayguu
  - Palladius: тайгу (tajgu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    太古
    太鼓
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: taai³ gu²
  - Yale: taai gú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taai³ gu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: tai³ gu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːi̯³³ kuː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    太古
    太鼓
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thài-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: thài-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tae'kor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰai²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tha-ku
  - MiniDict: tha^去 ku
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tha-ku
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰa³³ ku⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: thajH kuX

Rime
Character	太	古
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他蓋切	公戸切
Baxter	thajH	kuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑi^H/	/kuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑi^H/	/kuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑi^H/	/ko^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaj^H/	/kɔ^X/
Li Rong	/tʰɑi^H/	/ko^X/
Wang Li	/tʰɑi^H/	/ku^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑi^H/	/kuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài	gǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai³	gu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤa-s kˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːds kaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	太	古
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tài	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ thaj^H ›	‹ ku^X ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁa-s/	/*kˁaʔ/
English	great	ancient
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	太	古
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1937	4219
Phonetic component	大	古
Rime group	祭	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	泰	古
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːds/	/*kaːʔ/

Noun

太古

(often attributive) remote antiquity; immemorial
- 太古薄葬，故不抇也；亂今厚葬，故抇也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  太古薄葬，故不抇也；乱今厚葬，故抇也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Tàigǔ bózàng, gù bù 抇 yě; luàn jīn hòuzàng, gù 抇 yě.
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

上古 (shànggǔ)
元古 (yuángǔ)
先代 (xiāndài) (literary)
先古 (xiāngǔ) (literary)
古代 (gǔdài)
古早 (gǔzǎo) (chiefly Min)
古時／古时 (gǔshí)
曠古／旷古 (kuànggǔ)
絕代／绝代 (juédài) (literary)
遠古／远古 (yuǎngǔ)
邃古 (suìgǔ)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (太古):

→ Japanese: 太(たい)古(こ) (taiko)
→ Korean: 태고(太古) (taego)
→ Vietnamese: thái cổ (太古)

Proper noun

太古

Tai Koo (an area in Eastern district, Hong Kong)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
太	古
たい Grade: 2	こ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいこ (Atamadaka – )^[1]
IPA^(key):

Noun

太(たい)古(こ) • (taiko)

ancient times ^[2]
太(たい)古(こ)の昔(むかし)
taiko no mukashi
ancient times
(literally, “ancient times of ancient times”)

References

^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
^ Taishukan's Genius Japanese-English Dictionary, Tōkyō: Taishukan, 1998.

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