奸

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See also: 姦
奸 U+5978, 奸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5978
← 奷
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 她 →

Translingual

Han character

奸 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 255, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
  • Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1025, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5978

Chinese

trad. 奸/姦*
simp. 奸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.

    Definitions

    For pronunciation and definitions of 奸 – see 姦 (“evil; wicked; treacherous; evildoer; treacherous person; etc.”).
    (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 姦).
    Notes:

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    Rime
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古寒切
    Baxter kan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kan/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑn/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gon1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁa/
    English treacherous

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3571
    Phonetic
    component         		干
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		干
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːn/

    Definitions

    奸

    1. (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Alternative forms

    Kanji

    奸

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

    Compounds

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    奸
    かん
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 奸 (MC kan).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni))

    1. wicked

    Inflection

    Inflection of 奸
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 奸だろ かんだろ kan daro
    Continuative (連用形) 奸で かんで kan de
    Terminal (終止形) 奸だ かんだ kan da
    Attributive (連体形) 奸な かんな kan na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 奸なら かんなら kan nara
    Imperative (命令形) 奸であれ かんであれ kan de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 奸ではない
    奸じゃない         		かんではない
    かんじゃない         		kan de wa nai
    kan ja nai
    Informal past 奸だった かんだった kan datta
    Informal negative past 奸ではなかった
    奸じゃなかった         		かんではなかった
    かんじゃなかった         		kan de wa nakatta
    kan ja nakatta
    Formal 奸です かんです kan desu
    Formal negative 奸ではありません
    奸じゃありません         		かんではありません
    かんじゃありません         		kan de wa arimasen
    kan ja arimasen
    Formal past 奸でした かんでした kan deshita
    Formal negative past 奸ではありませんでした
    奸じゃありませんでした         		かんではありませんでした
    かんじゃありませんでした         		kan de wa arimasen deshita
    kan ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 奸で かんで kan de
    Conditional 奸なら（ば） かんなら（ば） kan nara (ba)
    Provisional 奸だったら かんだったら kan dattara
    Volitional 奸だろう かんだろう kan darō
    Adverbial 奸に かんに kan ni
    Degree 奸さ かんさ kansa

    Noun

    奸(かん) • (kan) 

    1. evil, wickedness
      Antonyms: 義(ぎ) (gi, “justice”)
    2. wicked person

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan))
    奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan))

    1. hanja form? of 간 (“evil, wicked”)

    Compounds

    Compounds

    References

    • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 奸
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
    Wikious
    Boobota
    Sagapedia