子曰

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Chinese

child; son; (noun suffix)
child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight
 
 to speak; to say
trad. (子曰) 子 曰
simp. #(子曰) 子 曰

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 子 曰
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 之 (19) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 即里切 王伐切
Baxter tsiX hjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɨX/ /ɦʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sɨX/ /ɦʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sieX/ /ɣiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɨX/ /ɦuat̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siəX/ /ɣiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭəX/ /ɣĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡siX/ /i̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zǐ yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2 jyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 子 曰
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zǐ yuē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsiX › ‹ hjwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsəʔ/ /*ʷat/
English child; gentleman, master say

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 子 曰
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17857 16312
Phonetic
component 		子 曰
Rime
group 		之 月
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		子 越
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔslɯʔ/ /*ɢʷad/

Phrase

子曰

  1. Confucius said; the Master said

Usage notes

This phrase is frequently used in Analects (論語), as it mainly records Confucius' speeches.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (子曰):
  • → Korean: 자왈(子曰) (jawal)
  • → Japanese: 子曰く (Shi iwaku, Shi notamawaku) (calque)

    • Noun

    子曰

    1. (Sichuanese) reason (Classifier: 個／个)
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