孝悌

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Chinese

		filial	do one's duty as a younger brother
trad. (孝悌)		孝	悌
simp. ^#(孝悌)		孝	悌
alternative forms		孝弟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàotì

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haau³ dai⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàotì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàotì
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao⁴-tʻi⁴
  - Yale: syàu-tì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiawtih
  - Palladius: сяоти (sjaoti)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: haau³ dai⁶
  - Yale: haau daih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haau³ dai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hao³ dei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

Middle Chinese: xaewH dejX|dejH

Rime
Character	孝	悌	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV	IV
Fanqie	呼敎切	徒禮切	特計切
Baxter	xaewH	dejX	dejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠau^H/	/dei^X/	/dei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚau^H/	/dei^X/	/dei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xau^H/	/dɛi^X/	/dɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨw^H/	/dɛj^X/	/dɛj^H/
Li Rong	/xau^H/	/dei^X/	/dei^H/
Wang Li	/xau^H/	/diei^X/	/diei^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xau^H/	/dʱiei^X/	/dʱiei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiào	dì	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau³	dai⁶	dai⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰruːs diːlʔ|diːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ xæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁ<r>uʔ-s/
English	filial
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孝	悌	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13771	2296	2301
Phonetic component	孝	弟	弟
Rime group	幽	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	孝	弟	第
Old Chinese	/*qʰruːs/	/*diːlʔ/	/*diːls/

Noun

孝悌

filial piety and fraternal duty
- 謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者不負戴於道路矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jǐn xiángxù zhī jiào, shēnzhī yǐ xiàotì zhī yì, bānbái zhě bù fùdài yú dàolù yǐ.
  Let careful attention be paid to education in schools, inculcating in it especially the filial and fraternal duties, and grey-haired men will not be seen upon the roads, carrying burdens on their backs or on their heads.

Synonyms

孝 (xiào)
孝心 (xiàoxīn)
孝情 (xiàoqíng) (literary)
孝義 / 孝义 (xiàoyì) (devotion to one's parents and loyalty to one's friends)
孝行 (acts of filial piety)
孝道 (xiàodào)
孝順 / 孝顺 (xiàoshùn)

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