完

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

完 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十一一山 (JMMU), four-corner 3021₁, composition ⿱宀元)

Derived characters

• 俒 唍 垸 㛡 捖 浣 院 晥 脘 𮋲 梡 烷 琓 皖 睆 綄 羦 䖾 𧨎 輐 鋎 䯘 鯇(鲩) 䴷
• 鵍 莞 筦 𣻻 𥕜

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7079
• Dae Jaweon: page 555, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 914, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B8C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦŋoːn) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Pronunciation

Definitions

完

1. whole; complete; intact

   完好  ―  wánhǎo  ―  intact

   • 城入趙而璧留秦；城不入，臣請完璧歸趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     城入赵而璧留秦；城不入，臣请完璧归赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Chéng rù Zhào ér bì liú Qín; chéng bù rù, chén qǐng wán bì guī Zhào.

     If the cities are granted to Zhao, the jade will remain in Qin; if the cities are not granted, allow your servant to return to Zhao with the jade intact.

   • 大人豈見覆巢之下，復有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     大人岂见覆巢之下，复有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE

     Dàrén qǐ jiàn fù cháo zhī xià, fù yǒu wán luǎn hū?

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to end; to finish

   說個沒完／说个没完  ―  shuō ge méi wán  ―  to not stop talking

   噉就完咗喇？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   gam² zau⁶ jyun⁴ zo² laa⁴?

   Is that all!? / It's over just like that?

   1. Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).

   食完 [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ jyun⁴   ―  done eating

   搞完！ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau² jyun⁴!   ―  Done!

   你的作業做完了沒有？ [MSC, trad.]
   你的作业做完了没有？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de zuòyè zuò wán le méiyǒu?

   Have you finished your homework?

   我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I have not finished talking.

3. to run out; to use up

   信紙用完了／信纸用完了  ―  xìnzhǐ yòng wán le  ―  We are out of writing paper.

4. to complete; to finish

   完工  ―  wángōng  ―  to complete a project

   完稿  ―  wángǎo  ―  to finish a piece of writing

5. (obsolete) firm; stable
6. perfect; faultless; flawless

   完人  ―  wánrén  ―  perfect person

7. to fail; to enter a dangerous or hopeless state; to be doomed; done for
8. to pay; to pay back

   完稅／完税  ―  wánshuì  ―  to pay taxes

9. (obsolete) abundant; sufficient; plentiful
10. (literary) to preserve

    • 不賂者以賂者喪。蓋失強援，不能獨完，故曰弊在賂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      不赂者以赂者丧。盖失强援，不能独完，故曰弊在赂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: 11th century, Su Xun, 六國論

      Bù lù zhě yǐ lù zhě sàng. Gài shī qiángyuán, bùnéng dú wán, gù yuē bì zài lù Qín yě.

      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

11. (literary) to build; to repair; to renovate

    • 溥彼韓城，燕師所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
      溥彼韩城，燕师所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Pǔ bǐ Hán chéng, Yān shī suǒ wán.

      Large is the wall of Han,
      Built by the multitudes of Yan.

    • 父母使舜完廩，捐階，瞽瞍焚廩。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      父母使舜完廪，捐阶，瞽瞍焚廪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

      Fùmǔ shǐ Shùn wán lǐn, juān jiē, Gǔ Sǒu fén lǐn.

      His parents set Shun to repair a granary, to which, the ladder having been removed, Gu Sou set fire.

12. (historical) an ancient light punishment
13. a surname

Synonyms

• (whole):

• (used after a verb): 盡／尽 (jìn)
• (Cantonese) (used after a verb): 嗮 (sài)
• (Hakka) (used after a verb): 撇
• (Hokkien) (used after a verb): 了

See also

• (Used after a verb): 了 (le)
• (Cantonese) (Used after a verb): 咗 (zo²)

Compounds

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: vẹn

References

• “完”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: まったい (mattai, 完い); まっとう (mattou, 完う)

Compounds

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) か​ん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Affix

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. complete, perfect, infallible, faultless
2. to complete, to finish

Noun

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. the end; finis (used at the end of a novel, movie, etc.)

Suffix

完(かん) • (-kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. completion; conclusion; end
2. fully provided

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC hwan).

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

完

Wikisource

完 (eumhun 완전할 완 (wanjeonhal wan))

1. Hanja form^? of 완 (“complete; whole”).

Compounds

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

完: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

1. complete (used only as part of a compound)

Compounds

• hoàn hảo (“successfully done, perfect”) (完好)
• hoàn thiện (“to complete, to perfect”) (完善)
• hoàn thành (“to accomplish, to finish, to complete”) (完成)
• hoàn toàn (“complete, completely”) (完全)