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U+5BB6, 家
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 40, +7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition )

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 286, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
  • Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 930, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kraː): semantic (roof) + phonetic 𢑓 (, male pig) (see: 姚萱.殷墟甲骨文“■”、“■”兩字考辨.中國文字研究(第二十三輯).上海書店出版社,2016(01):16-22.). See 𢑓 (xiá) for more.

Later the phonetic component have been corrupted to 豕 so Shuowen Jiezi considered it

semantic (roof) + abbreviated phonetic (OC *kraː, pig).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𡦼
alternative forms
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
一棟住著一家人的房子

Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, castle; house) (Schuessler, 2007).

(OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • ke/kiee - vernacular;
  • ka/kia - literary.
Note:
  • gê1 - vernacular;
  • gia1 - literary (used only in operas).
  • Wu
  • Note:
    • 1cia - literary (Shanghainese, Suzhounese), standard reading (Hangzhounese);
    • 1ka - colloquial (Shanghainese, Suzhounese), younger speakers (Hangzhounese).
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕia³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國~
    /ka⁵⁵/ 人~
    Chengdu /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕia¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
    /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘~
    Hohhot /t͡ɕia³¹/
    /t͡ɕiaʔ⁰/ 人~
    Wu Shanghai /ka⁵³/
    /t͡ɕia⁵³/
    Suzhou /kɑ⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑ³³/
    Wenzhou /ko³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³¹/
    /ka³¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia³³/
    /ka³³/
    Xiangtan /kɒ³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kɑ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /ka⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kɑ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ka⁵³/
    Nanning /ka⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /ka⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ka⁵⁵/
    /ke⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ka⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ka⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ke³³/
    /ka³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ka²³/
    /kia²³/
    /kɛ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (98)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kae
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠa/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚa/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ka/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kaɨ/
    Li
    Rong
    /ka/
    Wang
    Li
    /ka/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ka/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiā
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gaa1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiā
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹  ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kˁra/
    English household

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5919
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kraː/
    Definitions

    1. home
        ―  huíjiā  ―  to return home
      這裡这里  ―  Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ.  ―  My home is here.
    2. family; household (Classifier: c)
        ―  jiātíng  ―  family
        ―  jiāshì  ―  family matters
        ―  jiā  ―  The Li family
        ―  jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén.  ―  We are a family of four.
    3. (polite, for family member) my
        ―  jiā  ―  my father
    4. domesticated; domestic
        ―  jiā  ―  domestic rabbit
        ―  jiāmāo  ―  domestic cat
    5. Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
      餐廳餐厅  ―  jiā cāntīng  ―  a restaurant
      商店商店  ―  liǎng jiā shāngdiàn  ―  two shops
      人家  ―  jiā rénjiā  ―  four families
    6. school of thought; philosophical school
        ―  jiā  ―  Confucian school
        ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School
      之言  ―  jiāzhīyán  ―  one's own thought, opinion, interpretation, etc.
    7. (historical, obsolete) fief of ministers or senior officials
    8. Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
        ―  chuánjiā  ―  boatperson
        ―  hángjiā  ―  expert; connoisseur
    9. Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
      藝術艺术  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist
      科學科学  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist
      野心  ―  yěxīnjiā  ―  person of ambition; careerist
    10. (in a game) party; side
        ―  duìjiā  ―  opposite player
        ―  zhuāngjiā  ―  banker; house
    11. Suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person.
        ―  qìngjia  ―  one's child's parents-in-law
        ―  chóujiā  ―  personal enemy
      老人身體 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      老人身体 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Lǎorénjiā shēntǐ kě hái hǎo a?
      Is the parent of yours well?
      姑娘成天學好天天道上男人鬼混什麼樣子 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      姑娘成天学好天天道上男人鬼混什么样子 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Yī ge gūniangjiā, chéngtiān bù xiǎng zhe xuéhǎor, tiāntiān gēn dàorshang de nánrén guǐhùn, xiàng shénme yàngzi!
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    12. a surname
    Synonyms
    • (family):
    • (suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person): 家家 (jiājiā), (Cantonese) 人家 (jan4 gaa1)
    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2

    Definitions

    1. (Southern Min) Only used in 家己 (ka-kī).

    Pronunciation 3

    Definitions

    1. (Southern Min) Only used in 私家.

    Etymology 2

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“stubborn, obstinate, intransigent”).
    (This character is the simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    Etymology 3

    simp. and trad.
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation


    Definitions

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Etymology 4

    Cognate with ().

    Pronunciation

    Definitions

    1. Only used in 大家 (dàgū).

    References

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    いえ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    ⟨ipe1/ipʲe//iɸe//iwe//ie/

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ipia. Possibly cognate with Old Korean 邑勒 (iprʌk, house).

    Possibly related to (iho → io, temporary hut).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    (いえ) (ieいへ (ife)?

    1. a house
    2. one's own home
    3. a home, household
      • Kore Yamazaki, “第1篇 April showers bring May flowers.”, in [魔法使いの嫁](The Ancient Magus Bride), volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
        ここが(ぼく)(いえ) そして今日(きょう)から(きみ)()らす(いえ)でもある
        Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
        This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
    4. a family

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    3
    house
    shop, establishment
    someone who sells or does that thing; -ist
    someone with that characteristic
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 3

    Kanji in this term
    うち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with (uchi, middle).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    (うち) (uchi

    1. a house
    2. one's house
    Descendants
    • English: hooch

    Etymology 4

    Kanji in this term
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    Contraction of uchi above.

    Often following the genitive case marker (no) which contracts to -n.

    Noun

    () (chi

    1. a house
      (おれ)()()ない?Orenchi ni konai?Wanna come to my place?

    Etymology 5

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC kae).

    The 漢音 (kan'on, literally Han sound), so likely a latter borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Suffix

    () (-ka

    1. an expert, professional, performer
    Derived terms

    Etymology 6

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    goon

    The 呉音 (goon, literally Wu sound), so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

    Suffix

    () (-ke

    1. representing relationship to a family
      (たいら)()Taira-kethe Taira family

    References

    1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2017), “Origins of the Japanese Language”, in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, →DOI
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology 1

    Hanja

    (eumhun (jip ga))

    1. Hanja form? of (home; family; household).
    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    Hanja

    (eumhun 여자 (yeoja go))

    1. (obsolete) Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (woman).)

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings

    Compounds

    Noun

    (やー) (

    1. house

    Derived terms

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Việt readings: gia
    : Nôm readings: nhà

    1. chữ Hán form of gia (home, family).
    2. chữ Hán form of gia (expert, professional, -ist, -er).
    3. Nôm form of nhà (house, home, domestic).
    4. Nôm form of nhà (dynasty).

    References

    Yonaguni

    Kanji

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Noun

    (だー) (

    1. house