密

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See also: 宻
密 U+5BC6, 密
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC6
← 寅
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寇 →

Translingual

Han character

密 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹山 (JPHU), four-corner 30773, composition ⿱宓山)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 570, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 940, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5BC6

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 密
2nd round simp. 宓
alternative forms
宻
宓
𡶇
𢛬
𧶡
宻
宓
𡶇
𢛬
𧶡
𡪖
 

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (必) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泌 *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ
秘 *mpriɡs
毖 *priɡs
閟 *priɡs
柲 *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ
鉍 *priɡs, *priɡ
邲 *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ
覕 *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ
咇 *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ
苾 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
馝 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
飶 *bliːɡ, *bliɡ
鴓 *mbliːɡ
鮅 *pliɡ, *bliɡ
必 *pliɡ
珌 *pliɡ
佖 *bliɡ, *briɡ
駜 *bliɡ, *briɡ
怭 *bliɡ
妼 *bliɡ
宓 *mriɡ, *mliɡ
樒 *mriɡ
密 *mriɡ
蔤 *mriɡ
滵 *mriɡ
蜜 *mliɡ
謐 *mliɡ
榓 *mliɡ
淧 *mliɡ
瑟 *smriɡ, *smriɡ
璱 *sriɡ
飋 *sriɡ
虙 *blɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mriɡ) : phonetic 宓 (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”) – hidden in the mountains, secret, intimate. Note that 宓 means “secret”, hence the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning.

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “←→秘?”)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • bi̍t - literary (“dense; secret; fine”);
  • ba̍t - vernacular (“dense”).
Note:
  • mig8 - literary;
  • bhag8 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 密
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 質 (49)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 美畢切
Baxter mit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mˠiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mᵚit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mjit̚/
Li
Rong 		/mjĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/mĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 密
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mri/
English dense

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 密
Reading # 1/1
No. 591
Phonetic
component 		必
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		密
Old
Chinese 		/*mriɡ/

Definitions

密

  1. dense; thick; close; tight
    密集  ―  mìjí  ―  to be crowded together
    門關密。／门关密。 [Hokkien]  ―  Mn̂g koaiⁿ ba̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  The door is closed tightly.
    田種甲真密。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    田种甲真密。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Chhân chèng kah chin ba̍t. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The field is planted densely.
  2. intimate; close
  3. secret; confidential; concealed
  4. fine; meticulous; careful
  5. † calm; quiet; tranquil
  6. (Internet slang) to DM; to send a direct message
  7. 33rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "closeness" (𝌦)
  8. a surname

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: มิด (mít)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

密

  1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) densely packed; dense and numerous

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 峇 (“(Hokkien) closed tightly”).
(This character is a variant form of 峇).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 密 – see 沕 (“(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to submerge; to inundate; to drown”).
(This character is a variant form of 沕).

References

Japanese

Kanji

密

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. density
  2. secrecy
  3. carefulness

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
密
みつ
Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mit).

First cited to a text from 1092.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

密(みつ) • (mitsu) 

  1. something without breaks or openings, something dense
  2. a secret, (especially) something done secretly
    Synonym: 秘密 (himitsu)
  3. (Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism
    Synonym: 密教 (mikkyō)

Adjective

密(みつ) • (mitsu) -na (adnominal 密(みつ)な (mitsu na), adverbial 密(みつ)に (mitsu ni))

  1. dense, without breaks or openings
  2. meticulous, carefully done, scrupulous
    密(みつ)な計(けい)画(かく)
    mitsu na keikaku
    a meticulous schedule
  3. (of relations among people) close, familiar, intimate
    Synonym: 深い (fukai)
    密(みつ)な間(あいだ)柄(がら)
    mitsu na aidagara
    familiar terms, intimate relations

Inflection

Inflection of 密
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 密だろ みつだろ mitsu daro
Continuative (連用形) 密で みつで mitsu de
Terminal (終止形) 密だ みつだ mitsu da
Attributive (連体形) 密な みつな mitsu na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 密なら みつなら mitsu nara
Imperative (命令形) 密であれ みつであれ mitsu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 密ではない
密じゃない 		みつではない
みつじゃない 		mitsu de wa nai
mitsu ja nai
Informal past 密だった みつだった mitsu datta
Informal negative past 密ではなかった
密じゃなかった 		みつではなかった
みつじゃなかった 		mitsu de wa nakatta
mitsu ja nakatta
Formal 密です みつです mitsu desu
Formal negative 密ではありません
密じゃありません 		みつではありません
みつじゃありません 		mitsu de wa arimasen
mitsu ja arimasen
Formal past 密でした みつでした mitsu deshita
Formal negative past 密ではありませんでした
密じゃありませんでした 		みつではありませんでした
みつじゃありませんでした 		mitsu de wa arimasen deshita
mitsu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 密で みつで mitsu de
Conditional 密なら（ば） みつなら（ば） mitsu nara (ba)
Provisional 密だったら みつだったら mitsu dattara
Volitional 密だろう みつだろう mitsu darō
Adverbial 密に みつに mitsu ni
Degree 密さ みつさ mitsusa

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

密 (eumhun 빽빽할 밀 (ppaekppaekhal mil))

  1. hanja form? of 밀 (“dense”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

密: Hán Nôm readings: mật, mất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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