實

Translingual

Han character

實 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十田十金 (JWJC), four-corner 3080₆, composition ⿱宀貫)

Derived characters

• 𡁃, 𪴎, 𤁂, 𫍒, 𧁐, 𮩱

Related characters

• 実 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 实 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 291, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7294
• Dae Jaweon: page 575, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 952, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5BE6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 實
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝 (“shellfish; cowrie”).

The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫.

Pronunciation

Definitions

實

1. full; fulfilled; substantial; rich

   充實／充实  ―  chōngshí  ―  substantial

   • 倉廩實，則知禮節；衣食足，則知榮辱。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     仓廪实，则知礼节；衣食足，则知荣辱。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Cānglǐn shí, zé zhī lǐjié; yīshí zú, zé zhī róngrǔ.

     When granaries are full, one begins to perceive propriety and dignity. When food and clothing are sufficient, one begins to understand honour and guilt.

2. (Classical) to fill; to load; to stuff

   • 主人坐取爵，實之賔之席前，西北面獻賔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     主人坐取爵，实之賔之席前，西北面献賔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Etiquette and Ceremonial, circa 475 – 221 BCE

     Zhǔrén zuò qǔ jué, shí zhī bīn zhī xí qián, xīběi miàn xiàn bīn.

     The host, seated, takes up the (tripod) goblet, and fills it in front of the seat of the guest (of honour). Facing northwest, (the host) performs the first formal offering to the guest.

3. real; true

   實情／实情  ―  shíqíng  ―  truth, fact (literally, real circumstances)

   alt. forms: 寔 (shí)

4. truth; fact; substance; reality

   事實／事实  ―  shìshí  ―  truth

   名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  more in name than in reality

   實則不然／实则不然  ―  shí zé bùrán  ―  the truth cannot be more different

5. honest

   誠實／诚实  ―  chéngshí  ―  honest; truthful

   實不相瞞／实不相瞒  ―  shíbùxiàngmán  ―  frankly speaking

6. solid

   實心／实心  ―  shíxīn  ―  (of shapes) filled; solid (literally "solid inside")

7. fruit (literal or figurative)

   果實／果实  ―  guǒshí  ―  fruit

   • 落其實者思其樹；飲其流者懷其源。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     落其实者思其树；饮其流者怀其源。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 《徵調曲》 Tune in the Key of Zhi written by Yu Xin (庾信), Northern and Southern dynasties

     Luò qí shí zhě sī qí shù; yǐn qí liú zhě huái qí yuán.

     When you eat the fruit, remember the trees that produced them; when you drink water, think of its source.

8. (Classical, arithmetic) dividend

   • 母互乘子，以少減多，餘為實。母相乘為法。實如法而一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     母互乘子，以少减多，余为实。母相乘为法。实如法而一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 10th–2nd century BCE, The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art

     Mǔ hù chéng zǐ, yǐ shào jiǎn duō, yú wèi shí. Mǔ xiàng chéng wèi fǎ. Shí rú fǎ ér yī.

     multiply each fraction's numerator by the other's denominator, and subtract the smaller product from the larger one, and let the difference be the divisor. Let the product of the two denominators be the dividend. Add one to the result for each part in the dividend that equals to the divisor (which means to divide the dividend by the divisor).

9. (Cantonese) surely; undoubtedly; definitely

   實會出事／实会出事 [Cantonese]  ―  sat⁶ wui⁵ ceot¹ si⁶   ―  something bad will definitely happen

10. (Classical) in fact; truly; verily; actually

    • 漢陽諸姬，楚實盡之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      汉阳诸姬，楚实尽之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

      Hàn yáng zhū Jī, Chǔ shí jìn zhī.

      Verily, every Ji (i.e. House of Zhou) state north of River Han has been annexed by Chu.

11. (Cantonese) tight

    個蓋擰到好實。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    个盖拧到好实。 [Cantonese, simp.]

    go³ goi³ ning² dou³ hou² sat⁶.

    The lid is screwed on really tight.

12. (Classical) this

    alt. forms: 寔 (shí)

Synonyms

• (surely): 當然／当然 (dāngrán), 固然 (gùrán), 自然 (zìrán), (Cantonese) 梗係／梗系, (Hokkien) 在勢／在势

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 実)

1. reality
2. truth

Readings

• Go-on: じち (jichi)
• Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
• Kan’yō-on: じつ (jitsu)
• Kun: み (mi, 實); みのる (minoru, 實る)

Proper noun

實(みのる) • (Minoru) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

實 (eumhun 열매 실 (yeolmae sil))

1. Hanja form^? of 실 (“reality; truth”).
2. Hanja form^? of 실 (“(literal) fruit”).

Compounds

• 實談 (실담)
• 實力 (실력)
• 實物 (실물)
• 實없다 (실없다)
• 實情 (실정)
• 實際 (실제)
• 實하다 (실하다)
• 梅實 (매실)

Vietnamese

Han character

Readings

實: Hán Việt readings: thực, thặc, chí, thật
實: Nôm readings: thật, thiệt, chí, thực

Compounds

• 實現 (thực hiện)
• 實際 (thực tế)
• 視實 (thị thực)

References

• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)