封じる

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
封
ふう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Shift from verb 封(ふう)ずる (fūzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation

Verb

封(ふう)じる • (fūjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 封(ふう)じ (fūji), past 封(ふう)じた (fūjita))

  1. to seal (a letter)
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      手(て)紙(がみ)を封(ふう)じる
      tegami o fūjiru
      to seal a letter
  2. to prevent, to forbid, to block
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      敵(てき)の攻撃(こうげき)はこれで完全(かんぜん)に封(ふう)じられた!
      teki no kōgeki wa korede kanzen ni fūjirareta !
      This should entirely prevent the enemy's attack!

Conjugation

Conjugation of "封じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 封じ ふうじ fūji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 封じ ふうじ fūji
Shūshikei ("terminal") 封じる ふうじる fūjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 封じる ふうじる fūjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 封じれ ふうじれ fūjire
Meireikei ("imperative") 封じよ¹
封じろ² 		ふうじよ¹
ふうじろ² 		fūjiyo¹
fūjiro²
Key constructions
Passive 封じられる ふうじられる fūjirareru
Causative 封じさせる
封じさす 		ふうじさせる
ふうじさす 		fūjisaseru
fūjisasu
Potential 封じられる
封じれる³ 		ふうじられる
ふうじれる³ 		fūjirareru
fūjireru³
Volitional 封じよう ふうじよう fūjiyō
Negative 封じない
封じぬ
封じん 		ふうじない
ふうじぬ
ふうじん 		fūjinai
fūjinu
fūjin
Negative continuative 封じず ふうじず fūjizu
Formal 封じます ふうじます fūjimasu
Perfective 封じた ふうじた fūjita
Conjunctive 封じて ふうじて fūjite
Hypothetical conditional 封じれば ふうじれば fūjireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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