射干

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Chinese

radio- (chem.); shoot
to concern; to interfere; shield
to concern; to interfere; shield; stem
 
trad. (射干) 射 干
simp. #(射干) 射 干

Etymology

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From Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”); another variations include 野干 (OC *ɦljaʔ kaːn), 野犴 (OC *ɦljaʔ ŋaːn), 豻 (OC *ŋaːn) and 悉伽羅 (MC sit gja la).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 射 干
Reading # 1/4 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 麻 (100) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 羊謝切 古寒切
Baxter yaeH kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiaH/ /kɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiaH/ /kɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iaH/ /kɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiaH/ /kan/
Li
Rong 		/iaH/ /kɑn/
Wang
Li 		/jĭaH/ /kɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯aH/ /kɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè gān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		je6 gon1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 射 干
Reading # 1/2 1/4
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè gān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyæH › ‹ kan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.lAk-s/ /*ˁar/
English shoot; archer pole

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射 干
Reading # 3/4 1/1
No. 11226 3570
Phonetic
component 		射 干
Rime
group 		鐸 元
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		麝 干
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢljaːɡ/ /*kaːn/

Noun

射干

  1. rhizome of the blackberry lily (Iris domestica), syn. Belamcanda chinensis, used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cough, phlegm and sore throat)
  2. (archaic, historical, obsolete) an animal which resembles a fox and that can climb trees

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (射干):
  • → Japanese: 射(や)干(かん) (yakan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
射 干
しゃ
Grade: 6 		かん > が
Grade: 6
kan'on irregular
Alternative spellings
者我
著莪

Derived from a confusion with 射干 (yakan, “blackberry lily (Iris domestica”)) below. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Noun

射(しゃ)干(が) or 射干(シャガ) • (shaga) 

  1. the fringed iris, Iris japonica
    Synonym: 胡蝶花 (kochōka)
    Hypernym: 菖蒲 (ayame)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as シャガ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
射 干
や
Grade: 6 		かん
Grade: 6
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
野干

From Middle Chinese 射干 (MC yaeH kan), from Sanskrit सृगाल (sṛgāla, “jackal”).

Doublet of ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”), via English jackal, Turkish çakal and Persian شغال (šağâl).

Pronunciation

Noun

射(や)干(かん) • (yakan) 

  1. (Chinese mythology) a legendary evil beast similar to a fox
  2. (by extension) a fox
    Synonym: 狐 (kitsune)
  3. (theater) a Noh mask with the visage of the Chinese fox spirit
  4. Synonym of 檜扇 (hiōgi): blackberry lily (Iris domestica)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
射 干
ひおうぎ
Grade: 6 Grade: 6
jukujikun

Noun

  1. Alternative spelling of 檜扇 (hiōgi, “blackberry lily, Iris domestica”)

Compounds

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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