居

居	U+5C45, 居 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C45

← 屄

CJK Unified Ideographs

屆 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

居 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸十口 (SJR), four-corner 7726₄, composition ⿸尸古)

Derived characters

𡍄, 据, 裾, 琚, 椐, 鶋, 蜛, 崌, 涺, 腒, 鋸, 倨, 婮, 踞, 𩤅, 剧

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7663
Dae Jaweon: page 597, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 968, character 4
Unihan data for U+5C45

Chinese

simp. and trad.		居
alternative forms		凥㝒𡨢㞐𧿃凥㝒𡨢㞐𧿃𢨶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 居
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯ, *kas) : semantic 尸 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jū (ju¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geoi¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gui¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kî

(Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹
Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kir / ku / ki

(Teochew, Peng'im): ge¹ / gu¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ciu; ¹ke

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jū
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
  - Wade–Giles: chü¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi¹
  - Yale: gēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
  - Tâi-lô: kir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
  - Tâi-lô: ku
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kw
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
  - Tâi-lô: ki
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /ki⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /ki³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ge¹ / gu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/

Note:

ge1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
gu1 - Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹ciu; ¹ke
  - MiniDict: ciu^平; ke^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jy; ¹ke
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕy⁵³/, /ke⁵³/

Note: 1ke is vernacular.

Middle Chinese: kjo

Rime
Character	居
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九魚切
Baxter	kjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kiɔ/
Wang Li	/kĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)a/, /*k(r)a-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	居	居
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū	jū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›	‹ kjo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)a/	/*k(r)a-s/ (based on rhyme evidence)
English	squat; stay, dwell	dwelling
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	居
Reading #	2/2
No.	4264
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	居
Old Chinese	/*kas/

Definitions

居

to live; to dwell; to reside
to occupy (a place or position); to be located at; to rank
to stay put; to sit down
to store up; to stockpile
to claim
house; residence; dwelling
restaurant
39th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "residence" (𝌬)
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹
  - Yale: gēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: ki

Rime
Character	居
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居之切
Baxter	ki
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/kie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨ/
Li Rong	/kiə/
Wang Li	/kĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ka/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	居
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jū
Middle Chinese	‹ kjo ›
Old Chinese	/*ka/
English	final particle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	居
Reading #	1/2
No.	4209
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	姬
Old Chinese	/*kɯ/

Definitions

居

^† A modal particle.

Compounds

何居 (héjī)
居諸／居诸 (jīzhū)
日居月諸／日居月诸 (rìjī yuèzhū)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kù

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
  - Wade–Giles: chü⁴
  - Yale: jyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
  - Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: geoi³
  - Yale: geui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kù
  - Tâi-lô: kù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ku²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ku²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ku¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ku²¹/

Definitions

居

^† Alternative form of 倨 (jù, “haughty”)

References

“居”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01084

Japanese

Kanji

居

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

to sit

Readings

Go-on: こ (ko)
Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)
Kun: いる (iru, 居る, Jōyō)^{←ゐる (wiru, 居る, historical)}; おる (oru, 居る); おり (ori, 居り)^{←をり (wori, 居り, historical)}; おく (oku, 居く)^{←をく (woku, 居く, historical)}; い (i, 居)^{←ゐ (wi, ゐ, historical)}; お (o, 居)^{←を (wo, を, historical)}
Nanori: お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
居
きょ Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 居 (kjo).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょ (Atamadaka – )
IPA^(key):

Noun

居(きょ) • (kyo)

residence

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
居
い Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

居(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)^?}

being (in a place), sitting (in a place); a seat

Derived terms

居(い)眠(ねむ)り (inemuri, “dozing while sitting”)
居留守(いるす) (irusu, “pretending to be absent from home”)
位(くらい) (kurai, “grade, rank”)
鳥(とり)居(い) (torī, “torii gate”, literally "bird stand, bird perch")

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

居 • (geo, gi) (hangeul 거, 기)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

居: Hán Nôm readings: cư

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

居

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia