屈服

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Chinese

bent; feel wronged
clothes; dress; garment
clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)
 
simp. and trad.
(屈服) 		屈 服
alternative forms 屈伏

Pronunciation

Verb

屈服

  1. to surrender; to yield; to concede
  2. (engineering, materials science, of a material specimen) to yield

Synonyms

  • (to surrender):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “to surrender”):

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (屈服):
  • → Korean: 굴복(屈服) (gulbok)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
屈 服
くつ > くっ
Grade: S 		ふく > ぷく
Grade: 3
kan'on
Alternative spelling
屈伏

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 屈服 (MC kjut|khjut bjuwk, literally “bend; crouch + submit; obey”). Compare modern Hakka reading khiut-fu̍k.

The modern reading kuppuku is a shift from earlier kutsubuku.

Pronunciation

Noun

屈(くっ)服(ぷく) • (kuppuku) 

  1. surrender, submission, or subjection (as to a ruler or other authority)
  2. prostration, kowtowing

Verb

屈(くっ)服(ぷく)する • (kuppuku suru) suru (stem 屈(くっ)服(ぷく)し (kuppuku shi), past 屈(くっ)服(ぷく)した (kuppuku shita))

  1. to surrender, submit, or subject oneself (as to a ruler or other authority)
  2. to prostrate oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "屈服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 屈服し くっぷくし kuppuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 屈服し くっぷくし kuppuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 屈服する くっぷくする kuppuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 屈服する くっぷくする kuppuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 屈服すれ くっぷくすれ kuppuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 屈服せよ¹
屈服しろ² 		くっぷくせよ¹
くっぷくしろ² 		kuppuku seyo¹
kuppuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 屈服される くっぷくされる kuppuku sareru
Causative 屈服させる
屈服さす 		くっぷくさせる
くっぷくさす 		kuppuku saseru
kuppuku sasu
Potential 屈服できる くっぷくできる kuppuku dekiru
Volitional 屈服しよう くっぷくしよう kuppuku shiyō
Negative 屈服しない くっぷくしない kuppuku shinai
Negative continuative 屈服せず くっぷくせず kuppuku sezu
Formal 屈服します くっぷくします kuppuku shimasu
Perfective 屈服した くっぷくした kuppuku shita
Conjunctive 屈服して くっぷくして kuppuku shite
Hypothetical conditional 屈服すれば くっぷくすれば kuppuku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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