山

See also: Ш, ш, and ש

山	U+5C71, 山 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C71

← 屰

CJK Unified Ideographs

屲 →

⼭	U+2F2D, ⼭ KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN

← ⼬

Kangxi Radicals

⼮ →

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (cursive)

Han character

山 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 山 (U), four-corner 2277₀, composition ⿶凵丨)

Kangxi radical #46, ⼭.

Derived characters

Appendix:Chinese radical/山
仙, 𭂈, 𠮿, 圸, 奾, 𢇢, 𢌚, 㢫, 𢩳, 汕, 𤜬, 辿, 杣, 𣧈, 灿, 𬍑, 𦘹, 疝, 𥐢, 秈, 籼, 𮈁, 𦔺, 舢, 𬟴, 訕(讪), 䟖, 赸, 軕(𫐅), 𨥉, 𩖞, 𩲀, 𬺘, 䴮
邖, 㰞, 㼘, 亗, 𡚴, 𢌲, 汖, 𭺱, 𡶤, 𭇝, 𠰛, 𫂳, 𦏿, 耑, 𦣟, 炭, 訔, 豈, 𤈹, 輋, 𧶑, 仚, 冚, 𭓞, 𭗼, 𬜡, 旵, 氙, 𤕏, 𤣶, 𬑭, 𦒴, 宻, 密, 𦰷, 喦, 𩫺, 𩲈, 𦷤
閊, 𠘳, 𡆯, 𧗣, 幽, 豳, 豐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 307, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7869
Dae Jaweon: page 604, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 759, character 11
Unihan data for U+5C71

Chinese

simp. and trad.		山
alternative forms		𠙸𡶸

Wikipedia has articles on:

山 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
山 (Cantonese)
山 (Classical)
山 (Gan)
sân (Hakka)
săng (Eastern Min)
soaⁿ (Southern Min)
山 (Wu)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 山
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (山) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
山	*sreːn
疝	sreːn, sraːns
邖	*sreːn
汕	sreːnʔ, sraːns
訕	sraːn, sraːns
仙	*sen
秈	*sen
苮	*sen
屾	*srin

Pictogram (象形) – three mountain peaks. In the Oracle Bone Script, they were represented by triangles rather than vertical strokes. Compare 丘 (qiū), particularly earlier forms.

Unrelated to 出 and the top component of 岁 and 豐. Also unrelated to 屮.

Etymology

Unclear – cognates not known outside Sino-Bai. Cognate with Central Bai svrt (“mountain”) < Proto-Bai *sro⁴.

Baxter and Sagart (2014) propose that it is derived from a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”) that also derives 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 顏 (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”).

Starostin compares it with Kayan sʰôn (“mountain”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shān (shan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): san¹

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): sǎn

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): shàn

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сан (san, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): seng¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): san¹

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): saan¹
Gan (Wiktionary): san¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sân

(Hailu, HRS): san^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): san¹
Jin (Wiktionary): san¹
Northern Min (KCR): súing
Eastern Min (BUC): săng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sua¹ / suaⁿ¹ / sang¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ / san

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ / sang¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): sua¹ / sang¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): saan¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹se / ¹sae / ¹sa / ¹saen
- (Jinhua): ¹sa; ¹san
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): san¹

(Loudi, Wiktionary): sann¹

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): san¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shān
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shan
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹
  - Yale: shān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: san¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: san
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: sǎn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sã²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: shàn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): shan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂã³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сан (san, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saan¹
  - Yale: sāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: saan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃan³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: san¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: san¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sæ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: súing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sua¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: suaⁿ¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬũã⁵³³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵³³/

Note:

sua/suaⁿ1 - vernacular;
sang1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Penang, Klang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoaf
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /suã⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Longyan): /suã³³⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Penang, Klang): /suã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /suã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Penang, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san
  - Tâi-lô: san
  - Phofsit Daibuun: safn
  - IPA (Longyan): /san³³⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /san⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /san⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Penang, Klang): /san³³/

Note:

soaⁿ - vernacular;
san - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: suan¹ / sang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ / sang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³/, /saŋ³³/

Note:

suan1 - vernacular;
sang1 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: sua¹ / sang¹
- Sinological IPA: /sua³⁵/, /saŋ³⁵/

Note:

sua1 - vernacular;
sang1 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: saan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Deqing)
  - Wugniu: ¹se
  - MiniDict: se^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /se⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /sɛ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Xiaoshan, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹sae
  - MiniDict: sae^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /se⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /sɛ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /sæ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /sɛ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /sɛ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /sɛ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /sɛ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /sæ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /sɛ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /sɛ⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiaoshan): /sɛ̃⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /sɛ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /sɛ⁵³/
- (Northern: Yixing)
  - Wugniu: ¹sa
  - Sinological IPA (Yixing): /sa⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Jingjiang, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Cixi)
  - Wugniu: ¹saen
  - MiniDict: saen^平
  - MiniDict: saeon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jingjiang): /sã⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /sẽ̞³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /sæ̃⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Cixi): /sæ̃³²⁴/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹sa; ¹san
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /sɑ³³⁴/, /sã³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: sann¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sã̠⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁴⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 山
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂan⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂan⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/san²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂã²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂã²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂan²⁴/
	Xi'an	/sã²¹/
	Xining	/sã⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂan⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂɛ̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/san⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/san⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/san⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/san⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʂã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʂaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ʂæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/sɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/se⁵³/
	Suzhou	/se̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sẽ̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/sa³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/sɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/san³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/san³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/san⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/san⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sɑm²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/san⁵³/
	Nanning	/san⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/san⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/san⁵⁵/ /suã⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/saŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/suiŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suã³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/saŋ²³/ /tua²³/

Middle Chinese: srean

Rime
Character	山
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所閒切
Baxter	srean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/
English	mountain, hill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山
Reading #	1/1
No.	11052
Phonetic component	山
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	山
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/

Definitions

山

(countable) mountain; hill (Classifier: 座 m c; 粒 mn)
登山 ― dēngshān ― to climb a mountain
hill-shaped object
冰山 ― bīngshān ― iceberg
bundled straw in which silkworms spin cocoons
gable
(Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua) tomb; grave (Classifier: 個／个 c)
a surname. Shan

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 山 (“mountain; hill”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		山
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		山
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	山
	Taiwan	山
	Chengde	山
	Chifeng	山
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	山
	Heihe	山
	Qiqihar	山
	Harbin	山
	Jiamusi	山
	Baicheng	山
	Changchun	山
	Tonghua	山
	Shenyang	山
	Jinzhou	山
	Singapore	山
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	山
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	山
	Tangshan	山
	Cangzhou	山
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	山
	Baoding	山
	Shijiazhuang	山
	Lijin	山
	Jinan	山
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	山
	Dandong	山
	Yantai	山
	Yantai (Muping)	山
	Qingdao	山
	Zhucheng	山
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	山
	Lingbao	山
	Jining	山
	Linfen	山
	Shangqiu	山
	Yuanyang	山
	Zhengzhou	山
	Xinyang	山
	Ankang	山
	Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin)	山
	Baihe	山
	Baihe (Maoping)	山
	Xi'an	山
	Dingbian	山
	Baoji	山
	Yanchi	山
	Guyuan	山
	Longde	山
	Jingyuan	山
	Tianshui	山
	Xining	山
	Xuzhou	山
	Fuyang	山
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	山
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	山
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	山
	Wuzhong	山
	Zhongwei	山
	Lanzhou	山
	Dunhuang	山
	Hami	山
	Ürümqi	山
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	山
	Nanchong	山
	Dazhou	山
	Hanyuan	山
	Xichang	山
	Zigong	山
	Chongqing	山
	Wuhan	山
	Yichang	山
	Xiangyang	山
	Tianmen	山
	Guiyang	山
	Zunyi	山
	Bijie	山
	Liping	山
	Zhaotong	山
	Dali	山
	Kunming	山
	Mengzi	山
	Lancang	山
	Guilin	山
	Pingle	山
	Liuzhou	山
	Luzhai	山
	Nanning (Xiakuojie)	山
	Nanning (Fujian)	山, 嶺
	Nanning (Wuming)	山, 嶺
	Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	山
	Binyang (Nanjie)	山
	Hechi (Yizhou)	山, 嶺
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	山
	Tianlin (Langping)	山
	Jishou	山
	Changde	山
	Yongzhou	山
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	山
	Shiquan	山
	Ziyang	山
	Hanzhong	山
	Dagudi (Maliba)	山
	Reshuitang (Longling)	山
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	山
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	山
	Pematangsiantar	山
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	山
	Yangzhou	山
	Lianyungang	山
	Lianshui	山
	Nantong	山
	Anqing	山
	Zongyang	山
	Wuhu	山
	Hefei	山
	Hong'an	山
	Jinhua (Shuiduiji)	山
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山
	Hong Kong	山
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	山
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	山
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	山
	Macau	山
	Macau (Tanka)	山
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	山
	Taishan	山
	Taishan (Guanghai)	山
	Shenzhen (Luohu)	山頭
	Yangjiang	山, 山頭
	Nanning	山, 嶺
	Nanning (Tanka)	山, 山嶺
	Wuzhou	山, 界, 嶺 mound
	Wuzhou (Longxu)	山
	Yulin	山, 嶺
	Rongxian	山
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	嶺頭, 山, 嶺
	Hepu (Shatian)	山
	Guiping (Jintian)	山
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	山, 嶺
	Guiping (Madong)	山, 嶺
	Baise	山
	Qinzhou	山, 嶺, 山嶺
	Qinzhou (Changtan)	山, 嶺
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	嶺頭
	Beihai	山, 嶺 small
	Beihai (Nankang)	山
	Beihai (Yingpan)	山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	山 large, 嶺 small
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	山
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	山
	Lingchuan (Yangjia)	山
	Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua)	山
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	山
	Singapore (Guangfu)	山
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	山
	Móng Cái	山 large, 嶺 small
	Mandalay (Taishan)	山
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	山
	Betong (Rongxian)	山
Gan	Nanchang	山
	Pengze	山
	Lichuan	山
	Pingxiang	山
	Ankang (Niuti)	山
Hakka	Meixian	山, 嶺
	Dabu (Xihe)	山
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	嶺崗
	Shenzhen (Luohu)	嶺崗
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	山
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	山
	Wengyuan	山 large, 嶺 small
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	嶺
	Lechang (Meihua)	嶺
	Liannan	嶺
	Jiexi	山
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	山
	Changting	嶺
	Wuping (Yanqian)	嶺崗
	Ninghua	山
	Yudu	山, 嶺, 崠
	Ningdu	嶺, 山
	Tonggu (Sandu)	嶺, 山
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	嶺
	Dayu	嶺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	山
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	山
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	山
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	山
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	山
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	山
	Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng)	斜
	Hong Kong	山崗, 嶺崗
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	山
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	嶺
	Xinyi (Sihe)	山
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	山
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	嶺崗
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	嶺
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	山, 嶺
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	嶺, 山
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	嶺
	Mengshan (Xihe)	嶺
	Luchuan	嶺, 山
	Bobai (Shahe)	山
	Bobai (Longtan)	山
	Bobai (Lingping)	嶺頭
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	山
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	山
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	山
	Lipu (Shuangduitun)	山 rock, 嶺 soil
	Pingle (Tong'an)	山, 嶺
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	山
	Senai (Huiyang)	山
	Singkawang	崠, 山崠
	Bangkok (Meixian)	山
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	山
Huizhou	Jixi	山
	Shexian	山
	Shexian (Xianggao)	山
	Shexian (Daguyun)	山
Jin	Taiyuan	山
	Pingyao	山
	Yangyuan	山
	Datong	山
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	山
	Xinzhou	山
	Lüliang (Lishi)	山
	Changzhi	山
	Linhe	山
	Jining	山
	Liangcheng	山
	Hohhot	山
	Erenhot	山
	Pingshan	山
	Zhangjiakou	山
	Handan	山
	Linzhou	山
	Suide	山
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	山
Northern Min	Jian'ou	山
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	山
Southern Min	Xiamen	山
	Quanzhou	山
	Yongchun	山
	Zhangzhou	山
	Dongshan	山
	Tainan	山
	Penang (Hokkien)	山
	Singapore (Hokkien)	山
	Manila (Hokkien)	山
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	山
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	山
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	山
	Guilin (Biyange)	山
	Shantou	山
	Shantou (Chenghai)	山
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	山
	Jieyang	山
	Bangkok (Teochew)	山巴
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	山
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	山
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	山
	Singapore (Teochew)	山
	Leizhou	山
	Haikou	山
Puxian Min	Putian	山
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	山
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	山
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	山
	Xianyou	山
	Xianyou (Fengting)	山
	Xianyou (Youyang)	山
Central Min	Yong'an	山
Central Min	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	山
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	山
	Nanning (Silian)	山, 嶺
	Nanning (Xiuxiang)	山
	Binyang	山
	Hengzhou (Baihe)	嶺
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	山
	Liucheng (Yangmei)	山
	Luocheng (Niubi)	山
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dabu)	山
	Guilin (Qianjing)	山, 山頭頭
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	山
	Guilin (Liangjiang, Lingui)	山
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	山, 嶺
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	山, 嶺
	Lingchuan (Gaoqiao)	山
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	山
	Guanyang (Guanyinge)	山
Shehua	Fu'an	山
	Fuding	山
	Luoyuan	山
	Sanming	山
	Shunchang	山
	Hua'an	山
	Guixi (Zhangping)	山
	Cangnan	山
	Jingning (Hexi)	山
	Lishui	山
	Longyou	山
	Jiande	山
	Chaozhou	山
	Fengshun	山
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	山
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	山
	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	山木
	Chengbu (Xuntou)	山
Wu	Shanghai	山
	Shanghai (Chongming)	山
	Suzhou	山
	Danyang	山
	Hangzhou	山
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	山
	Ningbo	山
	Wenzhou	山
	Jinhua	山
Xiang	Changsha	山
	Xiangxiang	山
	Loudi	山
	Hengyang	山
	Hengshan	嶺
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	嶺
	Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao)	山包, 山包包

Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		墳墓, 墳
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	墳
	Harbin	墳
	Singapore	墓, 墳墓
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	墳
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	墳
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
	Wanrong	墳, 墓
	Xi'an	墳, 墓
	Xuzhou	墳墓, 墳
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	墳塋
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	墳
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	墳, 墳墓
	Chongqing	墳, 墳墓
	Wuhan	墳
	Guiyang	墳, 墳墓 large
	Guilin	墳
	Liuzhou	墳, 山
	Dagudi (Maliba)	墳堆
	Reshuitang (Longling)	墳堆
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	墳堆
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	墳
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	墳
	Yangzhou	墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
	Hefei	墳堰
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	墳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山墳, 山, 墳
	Hong Kong	山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓, 山
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	墳頭
	Macau	墳墓
	Taishan (Guanghai)	墳墓
	Dongguan	墓
	Yangjiang	山, 墳山
	Maoming (Xinpo)	墳山
	Nanning	墳山
	Wuzhou	墳山
	Yulin	墳山
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	墳山, 山
	Hepu (Shatian)	山
	Beihai	墳, 山
	Beihai (Nankang)	墳
	Beihai (Yingpan)	山, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	墳墓, 墳山
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	墳墓
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	山墳, 義山
	Singapore (Guangfu)	墳墓
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	山墳
	Móng Cái	墳墓
	Mandalay (Taishan)	墳山, 墳墓
Gan	Nanchang	墳
	Lichuan	墳, 墳塋 large
	Jianning	地
	Taining	地
Hakka	Meixian	地, 墓
	Xingning	泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
	Huidong (Daling)	地
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	墳頭
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地, 地墳
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	地
	Wengyuan	地墳
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	地
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	地 second burial
	Liannan	墳
	Jiexi	地
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	地
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	地
	Changting	地
	Shanghang	地
	Longyan (Yongding)	地
	Wuping	地
	Wuping (Yanqian)	地, 死佬
	Wuping (Pingyu)	地
	Liancheng	地
	Ninghua	地
	Qingliu	地
	Yudu	地
	Ruijin	地, 風水
	Shicheng	地
	Shangyou (Shexi)	地
	Tonggu (Sandu)	墳, 地
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	地
	Dayu	地
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地, 風水
	Hong Kong	墳頭
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	山
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	山, 山頭
	Xinyi (Sihe)	山地
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	墳山
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	墳地
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	墳山
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	墳地
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	墳, 墳地
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	墳, 地 without a body buried
	Mengshan (Xihe)	墳地
	Luchuan	山
	Senai (Huiyang)	墳, 風水, 義山
	Senai (Hepo)	墳墓, 地 dated
	Singkawang	地, 地門堂
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地
Jin	Taiyuan	墳, 墓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	塚
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	塚
	Songxi	塚
	Zhenghe	塚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	塚
	Jianyang	塚
	Wuyishan	塚
	Pucheng (Shibei)	塚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	墓
	Fuzhou (Changle)	墓
	Lianjiang	墓
	Fuqing	墓
	Pingtan	墓
	Yongtai	墓
	Minqing	墓
	Gutian	地, 墓
	Pingnan	墓
	Luoyuan	墓
	Fu'an	墓
	Ningde	墓
	Xiapu	墓
	Zherong	墓
	Shouning	墓
	Zhouning	墓
	Fuding	墓
Southern Min	Xiamen	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	墓
	Quanzhou	墓, 風水
	Jinjiang	墓
	Nan'an	墓
	Shishi	墓
	Hui'an	墓
	Anxi	墓
	Yongchun	墓
	Dehua	墓
	Zhangzhou	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	墓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	墓
	Hua'an	墓
	Nanjing	墓
	Pinghe	墓仔
	Zhangpu	墓
	Yunxiao	墓
	Zhao'an	墓
	Dongshan	墓
	Tainan	墓, 風水
	Kinmen	墓
	Penang (Hokkien)	墓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	墓, 風水
	Longyan	墓
	Zhangping	墓
	Datian	墓
	Chaozhou	墳, 風水
	Lufeng	風水
	Haifeng	風水
	Bangkok (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	墳
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	墳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Singapore (Teochew)	墳
	Leizhou	墓
	Haikou	墓
Puxian Min	Putian	墓
Puxian Min	Xianyou	墓
Central Min	Yong'an	墳
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	墳
	Sanming (Shaxian)	墳
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	墓
	Guangze	墓
	Jiangle	地
	Mingxi	地
	Shunchang	塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墳墓, 山
Shehua	Fu'an	墓
	Fuding	墓
	Luoyuan	墳
	Sanming	墳
	Shunchang	墳
	Hua'an	墳
	Guixi (Zhangping)	墳
	Cangnan	墳
	Jingning (Hexi)	墳
	Lishui	墳
	Longyou	墳
	Chaozhou	墳
	Fengshun	墳
Wu	Shanghai	墳, 墳墓, 墓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	墳
	Suzhou	墳
	Danyang	墳墓
	Hangzhou	墳
	Ningbo	墳, 墓
	Wenzhou	墳
	Yiwu	墳頭
	Pucheng	墳
Xiang	Changsha	墳
	Loudi	墳, 墓
	Shuangfeng	墳, 墓
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	祖

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (山):

→ Japanese: 山(さん) (san)
→ Korean: 산(山) (san)
→ Vietnamese: sơn (山)

References

“山”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01100

Japanese

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)
Kun: やま (yama, 山, Jōyō)
Nanori: たか (taka)、たかし (takashi)、のぶ (nobu)

Compounds

山(さん)鶯(おう) (san'ō)
山(さん)河(か) (sanka), 山(さん)河(が) (sanga)
山(さん)岳(がく) (sangaku, “mountains”)
山(さん)号(ごう) (sangō)
山(サ)茶(ザン)花(カ) (sazanka)
山(サン)茱(シュ)萸(ユ) (sanshuyu)
山(さん)神(じん) (sanjin)
山(さん)水(すい) (sansui, “landscape”)
山(さん)川(せん) (sansen, “mountains and rivers”)
山(さん)草(そう) (sansō)
山(さん)茶(ちゃ) (sancha, “tea made in the mountains”)
山(さん)頂(ちょう) (sanchō, “mountaintop”)
山(さん)巓(てん) 山(さん)顚(てん) (santen)
山(さん)道(どう) (sandō)
山(さん)脈(みゃく) (sanmyaku)
山(さん)門(もん) (sanmon)
山(さん)路(ろ) (sanro, “mountain path”)
山(さん)麓(ろく) (sanroku)
山(せん)道(どう) (sendō)
須(しゅ)弥(み)山(せん) (Shumisen), 須(す)弥(み)山(せん) (Sumisen)
一(いっ)山(さん) (issan)
遠(えん)山(ざん) (enzan)
海(かい)山(ざん) (kaizan)
開(かい)山(さん) (kaisan)
火(か)山(ざん) (kazan, “volcano”)
金(きん)山(ざん) (kinzan)
険(けん)山(ざん), 嶮(けん)山(ざん) (kenzan)
鉱(こう)山(ざん) (kōzan)
高(こう)山(ざん) (kōzan)
深(しん)山(ざん) (shinzan)
青(せい)山(ざん) (seizan)
雪(せっ)山(さん) (sessan), 雪(せつ)山(ざん) (setsuzan)
全(ぜん)山(ざん) (zenzan)
大(たい)山(ざん), 太(たい)山(ざん) (taizan)
大(だい)山(せん) (Daisen)
銅(どう)山(ざん) (dōzan)
登(と)山(ざん) (tozan, “mountain climbing, mountaineering”)
氷(ひょう)山(ざん) (hyōzan, “iceberg”)
風(ふう)林(りん)火(か)山(ざん) (fūrinkazan)
満(まん)山(ざん) (manzan)
遊(ゆ)山(さん) (yusan)
山梔子(クチナシ) (kuchinashi)
山車(だし) (dashi)
山茶(ツバキ) (tsubaki)
廃(はい)山(ざん) (haizan)
山毛欅(ブナ) (buna)
本(ほん)山(ざん) (honzan)
山羊(ヤギ) (yagi)
山桜(ユスラ)桃(ウメ) (yusuraume), 山桜桃(ユスラ) (yusura)
山葵(わさび) (wasabi, “wasabi”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山
やま Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

山

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Mountain

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese 山 (yama). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1]

Reconstructed as deriving in turn from Proto-Japonic *yama (“mountain; forest”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) やま (Odaka – )^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key):
Audio: (file)

Noun

山(やま) or 山(ヤマ) • (yama)

a mountain (large mass of earth and rock) or (large) hill
a mine (excavation usually consisting of small tunnels)
Synonym: 鉱山 (kōzan)
a heap, pile
the top or high part of an object
ねじ山(やま)
nejiyama
thread of a screw

帽(ぼう)子(し)の山(やま)
bōshi no yama
crown of a hat
a climax, peak
Synonyms: クライマックス (kuraimakkusu), 絶頂 (zetchō)

事(じ)件(けん)のやま
jiken no yama
climax of the event
a chance, gamble
a guess, speculation
a crime, criminal case
Synonym: 犯罪事件 (hanzai jiken)
mountain climbing, mountaineering
Synonym: 山登り (yamanobori)
Short for 山鉾 (yamaboko): a festival float usually decorated with a 鉾 (hoko)
(colloquial) Mount Hiei and/or Enryaku-ji
Antonym: 寺 (tera)
(mahjong) a wall, wall tile
(informal) the △ symbol as used to mark what needs to be reviewed in study
やまを張(は)る
yama o haru
to mark what needs to be reviewed

はった山(やま)が当(あ)たった。
Hatta yama ga atatta.
My selection of what I needed to review for the test was correct.

prefix for species that are wild or residing in mountains

Derived terms

山(ヤマ)藍(アイ) (yama ai)
山(やま)犬(いぬ) (yamainu, “mountain dog”)
山(やま)鶯(うぐいす) (yama uguisu)
山(やま)兎(うさぎ) (yama usagi)
山(ヤマ)桐(ギリ) (yamagiri)
山(ヤマ)桜(ザクラ) (yamazakura)
山(やま)猿(ざる) (yamazaru)
山(ヤマ)水(スイ)牛(ギュウ) (yama suigyū, “anoa”)
山(ヤマ)躑躅(ツツジ) (yama tsutsuji)
山(やま)鳥(どり) (yamadori)
山(ヤマ)猫(ネコ) (yamaneko)
山(ヤマ)蕗(ブキ) (yamabuki)
山(ヤマ)葡(ブ)萄(ドウ) (yama budō)
山(ヤマ)桃(モモ) (yamamomo)
山(やま)山葵(わさび) (yama wasabi, “horseradish”)

Counter

山(やま) • (-yama)

counter for number of stock rise and fall like a mountain (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
counter for number of mountains, forests and/or mines

Derived terms

一(ひと)山(やま) (hitoyama)

Proper noun

山(やま) • (Yama)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山
さん Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 山 (MC srean).

Sometimes spelled with rendaku (連濁), as -zan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

IPA^(key):

Suffix

山(さん) • (-san)

Mount, Mt.
1. suffix for names of mountains
2. suffix for a temple's honorific mountain name (山号 (sangō))

Derived terms

Affix

山(さん) • (san)

mountain
mine
temple, temple ground
Short for 比叡山 (Hieizan): Mount Hiei

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山
むれ Grade: 1
irregular

Alternative spelling
牟礼

From Old Japanese, itself apparently a borrowing from Old Korean.^[2]^[4]^[5] See Korean 뫼 (moe) for more.

The phonetic man'yōgana spelling 牟礼 for mure appears first in the Kojiki of 720 CE, but instead for the stem of verb 群れる (mureru, “to group together”).^[6] The first instance of this spelling for the mountain sense is in the Heian period, in different 日本書紀私記 (Nihon Shoki Shiki) versions, themselves recompilations of the Nihon Shoki.^[4] This reading with this sense apparently arises from the traditional 訓読 (kundoku) of a particular section of the Nihon Shoki, where the written word 山 is read as mure with an apparent meaning of mountain or hill.^[4]^[7]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Noun

山(むれ) • (mure)

(historical, Ancient Korea) mountain, hill
Synonyms: (general term) 山 (yama, “mountain”), (general term) 丘 (oka, “hill”)

References

^ “山”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “牟礼・山”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ “山”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ “群”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN, entry online here

Kikai

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 山 (MC srean). Recorded as Middle Korean 산 (san) (Yale: san) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

山

Wikisource

山 (eumhun 메/뫼 산 (me/moe san))

hanja form^? of 산 (“mountain”)

Compounds

강산 (江山, gangsan, “rivers and mountains”)
등산 (登山, deungsan, “mountain climbing, mountaineering”)
산달 (山獺, sandal, “raccoon dog”)
산림 (山林, sallim, “mountain forest”)
산맥 (山脈, sanmaek, “mountain range”)
산양 (山羊, sanyang, “goat”)
산주인 (山主人, sanju'in, “tiger”)
설산 (雪山, seolsan, “snow-capped mountain”)
요산요수 (樂山樂水, yosanyosu)
월월산산 (月月山山, worwolsansan)
화산 (火山, hwasan, “volcano”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Kunigami

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama, from Proto-Japonic *yama. Cognate with Okinawan 山 (yama), Japanese 山 (yama).

Pronunciation

(Yonamine, Nakijin) IPA^(key): (tone class B)

Noun

山(やまー) (yamā)

a mountain
a forest, an area with grown trees
a place where a heap of mountains grow
a mess

References

Nakasone, Seizen (仲宗根政善) (1983) 沖縄今帰仁方言辞典 [Okinawa Nakijin Dialect Dictionary], Tokyo (東京都): Kadokawa Shōten (角川商店), page 580

Miyako

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Northern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Okinawan

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Kun: やま (yama, 山, Jōyō)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Okinoerabu

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *yama.

Noun

山 (yama) (kana やま)

a mountain
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 31:
  伊能知能麻多祁牟比登波多多美許母弊具理能夜麻能久麻加志賀波袁宇受爾佐勢曾能古
  ino₂ti no₂ matake₁mu pi₁to₂ pa tatami₁ko₂mo₂ Pe₁guri-no₂-yama no₂ kumakasi no₂ pa wo uzu ni sase so₂no₂ ko₁
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
a forested area of a mountain for harvesting, hunting, etc.
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 779:
  板盖之黑木乃屋根者山近之明日取而持將參來
  itapuki₁ no₂ kuro₁ki₂ no₂ yane pa yama tikasi asu no₂ pi₁ to₂rite motimawiriko₂mu
  Since the mountains are close by, tomorrow I will cut down and bring you rough logs for your wooden roof.^[1]

Descendants

Japanese: 山 (yama)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Korean.^[2]^[3]

Compare Middle Korean 묗 (mwoy), and the etymology at Korean 뫼 (moe).

Alternative forms

牟禮

Noun

山 (mure) (kana むれ)

a hill or mountain
- 720, Nihon Shoki, Empress Jingū, entry 19: 49th year of the second month, spring:
  唯千熊長彥與百濟王、至于百濟國、登辟支山盟之、復登古沙山、共居磐石上。
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

No known Early Middle Japanese dictionaries attest the mure spelling phonetically, the earliest being found in the Mito-bon Hei Nihongi Shiki (1678).

Descendants

Japanese: 山, 牟礼 (mure)

References

^ Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 106
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Southern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Tokunoshima

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Vietnamese

Han character

山: Hán Việt readings: sơn^[1]^[2]^[3], san^[3]
山: Nôm readings: sơn^[1]^[2], san^[2]^[4]

chữ Hán form of sơn (“mountain”).
chữ Hán form of Sơn (“a male given name”).
鄭公山 ― Trịnh Công Sơn

Compounds

References

Yaeyama

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

Yonaguni

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(だま) (dama)

mountain

Yoron

Kanji

山

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yama.

Noun

山(やま) (yama)

mountain

[KDJ2-1] “山”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2-mure-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 “牟礼・山”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DDJS-5] “山”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[KDJ2-mureru-6] “群”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-mure-7] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN, entry online here

[8] Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 106

[9] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[10] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[tdcndg-11] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-12] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-13] 3.0 ^3.1 Trần (2004).

[btcn-14] Hồ (1976).

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Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

See also

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Idioms

Proverbs

Prefix

Derived terms

Counter

Derived terms

Proper noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Affix

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Kikai

Kanji

Etymology

Noun

Korean

Etymology

Hanja

Compounds

References

Kunigami

Kanji

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Miyako

Kanji

Etymology

Noun

Northern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

Etymology

Noun

Okinawan

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Noun

Okinoerabu

Kanji

Etymology

Noun

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Noun

Descendants

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Noun

Usage notes

Descendants

References