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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
崖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 山一土土 (UMGG), four-corner 22214, composition ⿱山厓)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 314, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8180
- Dae Jaweon: page 614, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 778, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5D16
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
街
|
*kreː, *kreː
|
鞋
|
*ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː
|
娾
|
*ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ
|
佳
|
*kreː
|
鮭
|
*ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
|
涯
|
*ŋreː, *ŋre
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崖
|
*ŋreː, *ŋre
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啀
|
*ŋreː
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厓
|
*ŋreː
|
捱
|
*ŋreː
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睚
|
*ŋreːs
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娃
|
*qreː
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洼
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*qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː
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哇
|
*qreː, *qʷraː
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胿
|
*ɡeː, *kʷeː
|
溎
|
*qeːns
|
觟
|
*ɡʷraːʔ
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黊
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*ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
|
蘳
|
*ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe
|
蛙
|
*qʷraː, *qʷreː
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窪
|
*qʷraː
|
卦
|
*kʷreːs
|
挂
|
*kʷreːs
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掛
|
*kʷreːs
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詿
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*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs
|
罣
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*kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
|
絓
|
*kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs
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鼃
|
*ɢʷreː, *qʷreː
|
圭
|
*kʷeː
|
珪
|
*kʷeː
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邽
|
*kʷeː
|
閨
|
*kʷeː
|
袿
|
*kʷeː
|
窐
|
*kʷeː, *ɡʷeː
|
茥
|
*kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
|
桂
|
*kʷeːs
|
筀
|
*kʷeːs
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奎
|
*kʰʷeː
|
刲
|
*kʰʷeː
|
蝰
|
*kʰʷeː
|
楏
|
*kʰʷeː
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睳
|
*qʰʷeː
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畦
|
*ɡʷeː
|
眭
|
*ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi
|
烓
|
*qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ
|
跬
|
*kʰʷeʔ
|
恚
|
*qʷes
|
硅
|
*qʰʷreɡ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 厓 (OC *ŋreː, “cliff”).
Alternatively analyzed as Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋreː, *ŋre) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
Etymology
Same word as 睚 (OC *ŋreːs, “rim of the eye”) and 涯 (OC *ŋreː, *ŋre, “shore, bank”) (Schuessler, 2007). See the latter for etymology.
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
崖
|
Reading #
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1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
yá
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ ngɛ ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ŋˁrar/
|
English
|
river bank; limit
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
崖
|
崖
|
Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
No.
|
4536
|
4547
|
Phonetic component
|
圭
|
圭
|
Rime group
|
支
|
支
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
崖
|
宜
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ŋreː/
|
/*ŋre/
|
Definitions
崖
- cliff; precipice (Classifier: 個/个 m)
她說,那邊有個崖,你覺得滑嗎? [MSC, trad.]
她说,那边有个崖,你觉得滑吗? [MSC, simp.]- From: 2018, 雙雪濤, 《飛行家》, Taipei: 大塊文化, →ISBN, page 91
- Tā shuō, nàbiān yǒu ge yá, nǐ juéde huá ma?
- She said, "There's a cliff over there. Do you think it's slippery?"
- (literary) limit; boundary; margin
Synonyms
- 墘頭/墘头 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 沿子 (yánzi)
- 沿邊/沿边 (yánbiān)
- 涯 (yá) (literary, or in compounds)
- 界線/界线 (jièxiàn)
- 端倪 (duānní) (literary)
- 邊/边 (biān)
- 邊墘/边墘 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 邊沿/边沿 (biānyán)
- 邊緣/边缘 (biānyuán)
- 邊角/边角 (biānjiǎo)
- 邊際/边际 (biānjì)
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
崖
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 崖 (MC ngje|ngea, “cliff, precipice”). Not attested in isolation. First attested in compound 崖岸 (gaigan, “cliff shore, cliff bank”) in 900.
Pronunciation
Affix
崖 • (gai)
- cliff
Etymology 2
Shift from older pronunciation kake. First attested in 1280.
May be a shift in usage from compounding element kake as in the synonymous terms 懸路 (kakeji), 懸道 (kakemichi, “cliff road, steep mountain road”), where the kake comes from verb 懸ける (kakeru, “to set into; to set across”), from the way the road would be set into the cliff or mountain.
The change from kake to gake apparently happened some time during the Edo period (1603–1868). This term is recorded as Caqe (then-current Portuguese orthography for modern romanization kake) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho Japanese-Portuguese dictionary.
Pronunciation
Noun
崖 • (gake)
- steep bank, cliff
- Synonym: 切岸 (kirigishi, literally “cut bank”)
Etymology 3
From Old Japanese. Further derivation unclear.
First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Modern references either omit this reading entirely or provide no pitch accent information for this reading, suggesting that it might be archaic or even obsolete in modern usage.
Pronunciation
Noun
崖 • (mama)
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) steep slope or incline; collapsed part of a levee or embankment
Etymology 4
Derivation unclear. First attested in the late 1100s.
Modern references either omit this reading entirely or provide no pitch accent information for this reading, suggesting that it might be archaic or even obsolete in modern usage.
Pronunciation
Noun
崖 • (hoki)
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) a steep area on a mountainside, a cliff
Etymology 5
Probably from 岸 (kishi, “shore, bank (of a body of water)”).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
崖 • (Kishi)
- a surname
References
- ^ “崖岸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “崖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 ) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, available via Google Books here, right-hand column, 12th entry
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 崖 (MC ngea). Recorded as Middle Korean 애 (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource
崖 (eumhun 벼랑 애 (byeorang ae))
- Hanja form? of 애 (“cliff; precipice; precipitous”).
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
崖: Hán Nôm readings: nhai, day
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