己

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

See images of
Radical 49 己

己 (Kangxi radical 49, 己+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸山 (SU), four-corner 1771₇, composition ⿳𠃍一乚)

1. Kangxi radical #49, ⼰.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №518

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/己
• 𠯇, 圮, 妃, 𭒼, 屺, 忋, 𢩵, 𣲆, 𣅗, 杞, 𬉺, 玘, 𥐦, 䄫, 𬡆, 紀(纪), 記(记), 起, 𨊲, 配, 𨥈, 𮧷, 魢(鱾), 𩾩
• 邔, 妀, 改, 𣢇, 䪱, 𩾠, 𠮯, 㞯, 异, 忌, 𤆔, 岂, 芑, 𥫟, 䨽, 𩫻, 㽶, 𠃚
• 包 (Japanese form)

Descendants

• こ (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
• コ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)

Further reading

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 己:

]

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 326, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8742
• Dae Jaweon: page 630, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 983, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5DF1

Baekje

Noun

己 (*kɨ) (Nihon shoki 基 or 紀)

1. walled settlement

   Synonyms: 忽 (xol), サシ (casI)

Descendants

• → Old Japanese: 城 (ki₂)
  • Japanese: 城 (ki)

References

• John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research‎, volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
• Alexander Vovin (2005) “Koguryo and Paekche: Different Languages or Dialects of Old Korean?”, in Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies, volume 2, number 2, Koguryo Research Foundation, pages 108—140
• Alexander Vovin (2013) “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics‎, volume 15, number 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 222—240

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 己部 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Radical 49 (English)

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 己 (天干)

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 己姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• Ji (surname 己) (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 己
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – silk rope for binding objects. Original form of 紀 (OC *kɯʔ). The character must not be confused with 已 and 巳.

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

己

1. self; oneself
2. personal; private
3. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems
4. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (Chinese heavenly stems) 天干 (tiāngān); 甲 (jiǎ), 乙 (yǐ), 丙 (bǐng), 丁, 戊 (wù), 己 (jǐ), 庚 (gēng), 辛 (xīn), 壬 (rén), 癸 (guǐ) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese heavenly stems)}

Compounds

Descendants

• → Zhuang: geij

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

己

1. Only used in 潮州音樂——自己顧自己／潮州音乐——自己顾自己.

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. itself, oneself

Readings

• Go-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
• Kun: おのれ (onore, 己, Jōyō); おの (ono, 己); おら (ora, 己); おれ (ore, 己); つちのと (tsuchinoto, 己)
• Nanori: おと (oto); な (na); み (mi)

Compounds

Usage notes

Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ko₂⟩ and ⟨go₂⟩.

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

己

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 己 (MC kiX).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) き​ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Proper noun

己(き) • (Ki) 

1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Derived terms

• 己巳(きし) (Kishi)

Etymology 2

Originally a compound of 土 (tsuchi, “earth”, one of the Chinese five elements) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) つちの​と (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Proper noun

己(つちのと) • (Tsuchinoto) 

1. the sixth of the ten heavenly stems

   Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Etymology 3

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) +‎ れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おのれ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Pronoun

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
2. first-person pronoun: I, me
3. second-person pronoun: you (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonyms: お前 (omae), 貴様 (kisama)

Derived terms

See also

Adverb

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. by oneself

   Synonyms: 自然に (shizen ni), 独りでに (hitori de ni)

Interjection

己(おのれ) • (onore) 

1. An interjection expressing anger or chagrin

Etymology 4

Seemingly akin to Miyako ッヴァ (vva, 2nd person singular pronoun). See also うぬ (unu) and うな (una).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) お​の (Atamadaka – )
• (Tokyo) おの (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Pronoun

己(おの) • (ono) 

1. reflexive pronoun: oneself
2. first-person pronoun: I, me

   Synonyms: 私 (watakushi), 我 (ware)

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) おれ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Pronoun

己(おれ) • (ore) 

1. Alternative spelling of 俺 (ore): first-person pronoun: I, me

Derived terms

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(おら) • (ora) 

1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 7

Sound shift from ono (see above).

Alternative forms

• 汝

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うぬ (Heiban – )
• (Tokyo) う​ぬ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

• Pronunciation for pronoun senses unknown.

Pronoun

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

1. second-person pronoun: you
2. reflexive pronoun: oneself

   Synonym: 自分自身 (jibun-jishin)

Derived terms

• 己(うぬ)等(ら) (unura)

Interjection

己(うぬ) • (unu) 

1. (vulgar) you!; you blockhead!

Etymology 8

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

己(うら) • (ura) 

1. first-person pronoun: I, me

Etymology 9

Sound shift from onore (see above).

Pronoun

己(おどれ) • (odore) 

1. second-person pronoun: you

   Synonyms: 己 (unu), 貴様 (kisama)

References

Korean

Hanja

己 (eumhun 자기 기 (jagi gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“self”).

Vietnamese

Han character

己: Hán Nôm readings: kỷ, kỉ, kỳ

1. chữ Hán form of Kỉ (“sixth of the ten heavenly stems”).

   Hypernyms: 天干, 十干

   Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds