帝

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帝 U+5E1D, 帝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E1D
← 帜
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 帞 →

Translingual

Han character

帝 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜月中月 (YBLB), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱⿳亠丷冖巾)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 330, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8865
  • Dae Jaweon: page 636, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 738, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5E1D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 帝
alternative forms 𢂇
𠫦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 帝
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (帝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
膪 *rtaːɡs, *rteːɡs
揥 *tʰeds, *teː
腣 *teː, *teːɡs
諦 *teːɡs
偙 *teːɡs
渧 *teːɡs
帝 *teːɡs
楴 *tʰeːɡs
啼 *deː
蹄 *deː
締 *deː, *deːɡs
崹 *deː
鶙 *deː
禘 *deːɡs
啻 *hljeɡs
嫡 *rteɡ, *teːɡ
摘 *rteːɡ, *tʰeːɡ
謫 *rteːɡ
讁 *rteːɡ
擿 *deɡ
蹢 *deɡ, *teːɡ
適 *tjeɡ, *hljeɡ, *teːɡ
啇 *teːɡ
滴 *teːɡ
鏑 *teːɡ
甋 *teːɡ
樀 *teːɡ, *deːɡ
敵 *deːɡ

Pictogram (象形) . Possible interpretations:

  • The sepal of a flower; original form of 蒂 (OC *teːds, “stem; peduncle”).
  • Tied-up firewood; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
  • An altar; original form of 禘 (OC *deːɡs).
  • An asterism joining three stars of Ursa Major with three of Ursa Minor, together with Thuban and Kochab. Around 2000 BCE the three top-to-bottom lines would have crossed at the north celestial pole, where the god 帝 dwelt (Pankenier, 2004).

The character's first attested use is for “God of Heaven”; it was later used as a title for emperors. Shuowen erroneously interprets the character to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːɡs) : semantic 丄 (“up; above”) + phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Tibetan ཐེ (the, “celestial gods of the Bon religion”), Jingpho (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011). Cognate with 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, Sagart (1999) derives it from a root *tek (“to be master over; to rule over”), whence also 適 (OC *ᵃtek, “to rule; to control”), 嫡 (OC *ᵃtek, “son of principal wife”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都計切
Baxter tejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjH/
Li
Rong 		/teiH/
Wang
Li 		/tieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tejH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁek-s/
English God

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 帝
Reading # 1/1
No. 2313
Phonetic
component 		帝
Rime
group 		賜
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		帝
Old
Chinese 		/*teːɡs/
Notes 甲金文象根啇非朿聲

Definitions

帝

  1. † God of Heaven
  2. emperor; sovereign
  3. Short for 帝國主義／帝国主义 (dìguózhǔyì, “imperialism”).
    反帝鬥爭／反帝斗争  ―  fǎndì dòuzhēng  ―  anti-imperialism struggle

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai 帝
Kyūjitai
帝󠄁
帝+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
帝󠄃
帝+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Alternative forms

Kanji

帝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. sovereign

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

Pronunciation

Noun

帝(みかど) • (mikado) 

  1. mikado (emperor of Japan)
  2. emperor

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 760 (paper), page 430 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 487 (paper), page 256 (digital)
  3. ^ According to Jinnō Shōtōki (神皇正統記) by Kitabatake Chikafusa (北畠親房), 1339, 女帝 is pronounced as によたい (nyotai).
  4. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 帝 (MC tejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎨〯 (tyěy) (Yale: tyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

帝 (eumhun 임금 제 (imgeum je))

  1. Hanja form? of 제 (“emperor”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

帝: Hán Nôm readings: đế, đấy, đê, để, đí, đó

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