干る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
干
ひ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
乾る

Etymology

Originally an upper bigrade verb 干(ふ) (fu) in the Nara period.[1] It shifted into the upper monograde conjugation later on before the modern period.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “When was it first attested using 上一段活用?”)

Pronunciation

Verb

干(ひ)る • (hiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 干(ひ) (hi), past 干(ひ)た (hita))

Japanese verb pair
active 干(ほ)す
mediopassive 干(ひ)る
  1. to dry
    Synonym: 乾く (kawaku)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "干る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 干 ひ hi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 干 ひ hi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 干る ひる hiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 干る ひる hiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 干れ ひれ hire
Meireikei ("imperative") 干よ¹
干ろ² 		ひよ¹
ひろ² 		hiyo¹
hiro²
Key constructions
Passive 干られる ひられる hirareru
Causative 干させる
干さす 		ひさせる
ひさす 		hisaseru
hisasu
Potential 干られる
干れる³ 		ひられる
ひれる³ 		hirareru
hireru³
Volitional 干よう ひよう hiyō
Negative 干ない
干ぬ
干ん 		ひない
ひぬ
ひん 		hinai
hinu
hin
Negative continuative 干ず ひず hizu
Formal 干ます ひます himasu
Perfective 干た ひた hita
Conjunctive 干て ひて hite
Hypothetical conditional 干れば ひれば hireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "干る" (ハ行上一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 干 ひ fi
Continuative (連用形) 干 ひ fi
Terminal (終止形) 干る ひる firu
Attributive (連体形) 干る ひる firu
Realis (已然形) 干れ ひれ fire
Imperative (命令形) 干よ ひよ fiyo
Key constructions
Negative 干ず ひず fizu
Contrasting conjunction 干れど ひれど firedo
Causal conjunction 干れば ひれば fireba
Conditional conjunction 干ば ひば fiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 干き ひき fiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 干けり ひけり fikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 干つ ひつ fitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 干ぬ ひぬ finu
Perfect-continuative tense 干たり ひたり fitari
Volitional 干む ひむ fimu

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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