床

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

床 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or 難戈木 (XID), four-corner 0029₄, composition ⿸广木)

Derived characters

• 𠳹 𢃅 𢭩 𪲝 𣵄 𤉜 𦀾 𨁤 𨌟 𨧖 𠒥 𪁱(𬸐) 𫷰 𬕌

See also

• 麻, 凩

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 343, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
• Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 873, character 20
• Unihan data for U+5E8A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Originally an unorthodox variant of 牀. Now made up of 广 (“house”) + 木 (“tree”), an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) representing a wooden furniture item (a bed) in a house.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “to support from below”), Old Mon (joṅ, “couch; bedstead”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

床

1. bed; couch (Classifier: 張／张 m c)
2. framework; chassis

   車床／车床  ―  chēchuáng  ―  lathe

   牙床  ―  yáchuáng  ―  gingiva

3. (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) table
4. (obsolete) rails of the well
5. bottom; bed

   河床  ―  héchuáng  ―  riverbed

   岩床  ―  yánchuáng  ―  sill

6. Classifier for beddings.

   一床棉被  ―  yī chuáng miánbèi  ―  one cotton-wadded quilt

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

Others:

• → Bouyei: xaangz (“bed”)
• → Zhuang: congz (“bed”)
• → Proto-Vietic: *k-ɟəːŋ (“bed”)
  • Vietnamese: giường
  • Chut: kəcɨːŋ²

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: ゆか (yuka, 床, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 床, Jōyō); ゆかしい (yukashii, 床しい)

Compounds

• 同(どう)床(しょう) (dōshō): sharing a bed

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.

According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆか (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

床(ゆか) • (yuka) 

1. the floor (the bottom surface of a room)

   床(ゆか)を掃(は)く

   yuka o haku

   to sweep the floor

2. a bed
3. (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
4. a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “floor”): 天(てん)井(じょう) (tenjō): ceiling

Coordinate terms

• (floor): 壁(かべ) (kabe): wall

Etymology 2

⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → /toko/

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とこ (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

床(とこ) • (toko) 

1. a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
2. a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
3. a sickbed
4. the floor
5. tatami mats
6. the seat of an oxcart
7. short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
8. an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
9. a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
10. short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
11. short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
12. short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
13. the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
14. short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
15. short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil

Synonyms

• (sickbed): 病(びょう)床(しょう) (byōshō), 病(びょう)褥(じょく) (byōjoku)

Etymology 3

/ʑau/ → /ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 床 (MC dzrjang). Devoicing apparently occurred after borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょ​ー (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

床(しょう) • (shō) 

1. sickbed

Counter

床(しょう) • (-shō) ^{←しやう (syau)?}

1. beds

References

Korean

Hanja

床 (eumhun 평상 상 (pyeongsang sang))

1. Hanja form^? of 상 (“bed, couch; framework, chassis”).

Vietnamese

Han character

床: Hán Nôm readings: sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.