庭つ鳥

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Old Japanese

Kanji in this term
庭 鳥
にわ
Grade: 3 		とり
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

First attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

From 庭 (nipa, “garden”) +‎ つ (tu, attributive particle) +‎ 鳥 (to2ri, “bird”).

Noun

庭つ鳥 (nipa tu to2ri) (kana にはつとり)

  1. a bird kept in a garden, allusion to 鷄 (kake1, “chicken”)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 2:
      ...阿遠夜麻迩奴延波那伎奴佐怒都登理岐芸斯波登與牟爾波都登理迦祁波那久...
      ...awoyama ni nuye pa nakinu sano1 tu to2ri ki1gi1si pa to2yo2mu nipa tu to2ri kake1 pa naku...
      Then from the green hills a tiger thrush sang; there sounded the calls of pheasants, birds of the field; there came the crowing of cocks, birds of the garden.
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 96:
      ...爾播都等唎柯稽播儺倶儺梨奴都等利枳蟻矢播等余武...
      ...nipa tu to2ri kake1 pa naku nari no1 tu to2ri ki1gi1si pa to2yo2mu...
      We hear the crow of a rooster, bird of the garden; the cry of the pheasant, bird of the fields.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1413:
      , text here
      庭津鳥可鷄乃垂尾乃乱尾乃長心毛不所念鴨
      nipa tu to2ri kake1 no2 tari-wo no2 mi1dare-wo no2 nagaki1 ko2ko2ro2 mo omopoyenu ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. (by extension of pillow word) a chicken (domestic fowl)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 3094:
      , text here
      物念常不宿起有旦開者和備弖鳴成鷄左倍
      monomopu to2 inezu oki2taru asake2 ni pa wabi2te naku nari nipa tu to2ri sape2
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

  • Japanese: 鶏 (niwatori)

See also

References

  1. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 81
  2. ^ Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Aileen Gatten, Nicholas Teele, transl., Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Volume 4935 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 147-148
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