張

Translingual

Han character

張 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 1123₂, composition ⿰弓長)

Derived characters

• 㙣, 㯑, 漲(涨), 瘬, 𢳫, 𧐊, 𨄰(𬦵), 𢊜, 𦸾, 𢐓, 𫣖, 𫫧

Related characters

• 张 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
• Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 997, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5F35

Chinese

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 張姓 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 張氏 (Cantonese)
• 張姓 (Gan)
• Diŏng (sáng) (Eastern Min)
• Tiuⁿ (sèⁿ) (Southern Min)
• Zhang (surname) (English)

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင်း (tang:, “to tighten; to be tight”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

張

1. to string a bow; to pull a bowstring taut

   Antonym: 弛

   張弓／张弓  ―  zhāng gōng  ―  to draw a bow

2. to stretch; to open up; to spread

   張開／张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread

   張口／张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn

3. to expand; to spread

   擴張／扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion

   聲張／声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose

   誇張／夸张  ―  kuāzhāng  ―  to exaggerate

4. to set out; to display

   張貼／张贴  ―  zhāngtiē  ―  to put up (a notice, poster, etc.)

   • 當日殺牛宰馬，大張筵席。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     当日杀牛宰马，大张筵席。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Dāngrì shā niú zǎi mǎ, dà zhāng yánxí.

     That very day, oxen and horses were slaughtered and butchered, and a great feast was set out.

5. to look

   東張西望／东张西望  ―  dōngzhāngxīwàng  ―  to look around

6. (of a new business) to start; to open for business

   新張／新张  ―  xīnzhāng  ―  to begin doing business

7. Classifier for objects that can be expanded.

   一張嘴／一张嘴  ―  yī zhāng zuǐ  ―  one mouth

8. Classifier for objects with a flat surface: sheet

   一張地圖／一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map

   一張桌子／一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzi  ―  a table

   幾張凳／几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei² zoeng¹ dang³   ―  several chairs

   兩張紙／两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng⁵ zoeng¹ zi²   ―  two sheets of paper

   高雄一張／高雄一张 [Hokkien]  ―  Ko-hiông chi̍t tiuⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  one ticket to Kaohsiung

9. Classifier for votes.
10. (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) Classifier for knives.
11. (Cantonese) Classifier for age of a person, approximating in multiples of tens. (only for thirty years old or above)

    三張嘢／三张嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  saam¹ zoeng¹ je⁵   ―  thirty-odd years old

    三張幾／三张几 [Cantonese]  ―  saam¹ zoeng¹ gei²   ―  thirty-something years old

12. (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
13. a surname. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing

    張飛／张飞  ―  Zhāng Fēi  ―  Zhang Fei (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty)

    張藝謀／张艺谋  ―  Zhāng Yìmóu  ―  Zhang Yimou (Chinese film director)

Synonyms