Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word
得. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
得, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
得 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
得 you have here. The definition of the word
得 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
得, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
|
|
Stroke order
|
|
Han character
得 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹人日一戈 (HOAMI), four-corner 26241, composition ⿰彳㝵)
Derived characters
- 嘚, 𡐙, 𪮦, 𣘱, 𥊤, 𥕣, 𤹬, 𫣓, 𬈫, 𬋂, 𮔹, 𭏢
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10137
- Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 828, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5F97
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
Old Chinese
|
得
|
*tɯːɡ
|
淂
|
*tɯːɡ
|
棏
|
*dɯːɡ, *rtɯːɡ
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) . The ancient form of 得 is 㝵, composed of 貝 (“cowry”) + 又 (“hand”) — to pick up a cowry > to obtain valuables. A component 彳 was sometimes added to show that the cowry was picked up on the road.
In the Qin Bamboo and Slip script:
- a horizontal line was added to the 又, which means it is replaced with the related 寸. This is a feature of Qin script, and many characters that used to compound with 又 now compound with 寸.
In the Shuowen seal script:
- the 貝 corrupts into something resembling 見. However, this should be an error of Shuowen because it can only be only found in Shuowen and not in historical Qin Seal script, Qin Bamboo, and Slip script.
In the clerical script:
- the 貝 is simplified as 目 (“eye”); such simplification can be seen in its early form in Spring and Autumn and Warring States bronze inscriptions, Chu Bamboo, and Silk script, as well as other characters such as 具. Then it corrupts into 旦 (“dawn”) in later clerical script, and Regular script inherited it.
Etymology
Pulleyblank (1991) relates it to Tibetan ཐུབ (thub, “to be able to; to withstand”).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan
- Hakka
- Jin
- Northern Min
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Hui'an, Nan'an)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Nan'an, Anxi, Tong'an)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
- (Hokkien: Nan'an)
Note:
- tit - vernacular;
- tek/tiak/terk - literary.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
得
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
dé
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ tok ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*tˁək/
|
English
|
obtain
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
得
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
No.
|
2165
|
Phonetic component
|
得
|
Rime group
|
職
|
Rime subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding MC rime
|
德
|
Old Chinese
|
/*tɯːɡ/
|
Definitions
得
- to get; to obtain; to gain, to acquire
- 我得了亞軍。/我得了亚军。 ― Wǒ dé le yàjūn. ― I got second place.
他得了個壞名聲。 [MSC, trad.]
他得了个坏名声。 [MSC, simp.]- Tā dé le ge huài míngshēng.
- He gained a bad reputation.
- to contract (disease); to become ill with
他得了肺癌,活不了多久。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]- Tā dé le fèi'ái, huó bù liǎo duōjiǔ.
- He got lung cancer and won't live for long.
- to result in; to produce
- 三三得九 ― sān sān dé jiǔ ― three times three is nine
- 二五得一十 [Cantonese] ― ji6 ng5 dak1 jat1 sap6 ― two times five is ten
- 八減三得五/八减三得五 ― bā jiǎn sān dé wǔ ― eight minus three is five
- to be ready; finished
- to suit; to fit
- 得體/得体 ― détǐ ― appropriate
- satisfied; contented
- 洋洋自得 ― yángyángzìdé ― to be very pleased with oneself; to be self-satisfied
- (formal, often used in the negative) can; may; to be permitted
乘客不得在車廂內飲食。 [MSC, trad.]
乘客不得在车厢内饮食。 [MSC, simp.]- Chéngkè bùdé zài chēxiāng nèi yǐnshí.
- Passengers are not allowed to eat and drink on the train.
非依法定程序之逮捕、拘禁、審問、處罰,得拒絕之。 [MSC, trad.]
非依法定程序之逮捕、拘禁、审问、处罚,得拒绝之。 [MSC, simp.]- From: Article 8, Constitution of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Fēi yī fǎdìng chéngxù zhī dàibǔ, jūjìn, shěnwèn, chùfá, dé jùjué zhī.
- Any arrest, detention, trial, or punishment which is not in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law can be resisted.
- (Cantonese) to only have; to just have
得佢想去公園咋。 [Cantonese, trad.]
得佢想去公园咋。 [Cantonese, simp.]- dak1 keoi5 soeng2 heoi3 gung1 jyun4-2 zaa3.
- Only he wants to go to the park.
得返一分鐘。 [Cantonese, trad.]
得返一分钟。 [Cantonese, simp.]- dak1 faan1 jat1 fan1 zung1.
- There's just one minute left.
賣得嗰幾百蚊 [Cantonese, trad.]
卖得嗰几百蚊 [Cantonese, simp.]- maai6 dak1 go2 gei2 baak3 man1
- to have only sold a few hundred dollars
- interjective particle expressing approval or prohibition; see 得了
得了,別再說了。 [MSC, trad.]
得了,别再说了。 [MSC, simp.]- Dé le, bié zài shuō le.
- OK! OK! That's enough.
得喇,知道喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]- dak1 laa3, zi1 dou3 laa3.
- OK! Got it.
我有個表姪女兒,今年二十六,談了好幾個對象了都沒談成。她媽啊,一直託我幫忙呢。得,甭別人了,就是她了。 [Beijing Mandarin, trad.]
我有个表侄女儿,今年二十六,谈了好几个对象了都没谈成。她妈啊,一直托我帮忙呢。得,甭别人了,就是她了。 [Beijing Mandarin, simp.]- From: 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 《闲人马大姐》, episode 7
- Wǒ yǒu ge biǎozhínür, jīnnián èrshíliù, tán le hǎo jǐ ge duìxiàng le dōu méi tán chéng. Tā mā a, yīzhí tuō wǒ bāngmáng ne. Dé, béng biérén le, jiù shi tā le.
- I've got a niece who's 26 years old this year, who's already dated several guys but none worked out. Her mum's been nagging me to find a guy for her. Alright, we'll set the two up then. There's no need to find someone else.
- interjective particle expressing frustration or helplessness
- (Cantonese) OK; good
你噉做真係唔得。 [Cantonese, trad.]
你噉做真系唔得。 [Cantonese, simp.]- nei5 gam2 zou6 zan1 hai6 m4 dak1.
- You really mustn't do it this way.
- (Cantonese, often sarcastic) remarkable
- Synonym: 行
你哋真係得。 [Cantonese, trad.]
你哋真系得。 [Cantonese, simp.]- nei5 dei6 zan1 hai6 dak1.
- You guys are really something.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
能 (“can”)
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
能
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
能, 能夠, 可以
|
Mandarin
|
Taiwan
|
能, 能夠, 可以
|
Malaysia
|
能
|
Singapore
|
能, 能夠, 可以
|
Cantonese
|
Hong Kong
|
可以
|
Hakka
|
Kuching (Hepo)
|
得
|
Eastern Min
|
Singapore (Fuqing)
|
會
|
Southern Min
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
會, 會使
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
會, 會使
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
會, 會通
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
得, 可以
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
好
|
Suzhou
|
好
|
Ningbo
|
好
|
Dialectal synonyms of
行 (“OK”)
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- tiak - literary;
- tit - vernacular.
Definitions
得
- Used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement.
- alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard
- 好得很 ― hǎo de hěn ― very good
- 他痛得直哭。 ― Tā tòng de zhí kū. ― He is in so much pain that he won't stop crying.
- 他跑得快。 ― Tā pǎo de kuài. ― He runs fast.
他跑得像一陣風。 [MSC, trad.]
他跑得像一阵风。 [MSC, simp.]- Tā pǎo de xiàng yī zhèn fēng.
- He runs like wind.
- 他畫得好。/他画得好。 ― Tā huà de hǎo. ― He paints well.
呢啲嘢我哋見得多。 [Cantonese, trad.]
呢啲嘢我哋见得多。 [Cantonese, simp.]- ni1 di1 je5 ngo5 dei6 gin3 dak1 do1.
- This sort of thing is nothing new (we have seen a lot of it).
- Used after a verb to express possibility or capability.
- alt. forms: 的 historical or nonstandard in Mandarin
- 吃得 ― chī de ― eatable, edible
- 看得見/看得见 ― kàn de jiàn ― able to see
- 做不得 ― zuò bù de ― must not be done
- 這雙鞋穿得。/这双鞋穿得。 ― Zhè shuāng xié chuān de. ― These shoes fit well.
這個人批評不得。 [MSC, trad.]
这个人批评不得。 [MSC, simp.]- Zhège rén pīpíng bù de.
- He's not a man to criticize.
- (Cantonese) Used after a verb to form an adjectival phrase expressing capability.
- 佢好食得。 [Cantonese] ― keoi5 hou2 sik6 dak1. ― He could eat a lot.
呢本書都幾賣得。 [Cantonese, trad.]
呢本书都几卖得。 [Cantonese, simp.]- ne1 bun2 syu1 dou1 gei2 maai6 dak1.
- This book sells quite a few copies.
冇邊個衰得過佢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
冇边个衰得过佢。 [Cantonese, simp.]- mou5 bin1 go3 seoi1 dak1 gwo3 keoi5.
- There's no one who could be worse than him.
Usage notes
- When it is used between a verb and the complement, and the complement is used to indicate possibility or capacity, the negative form replaces 得 with 不 (bù).
- 寫得好/写得好 ― xiě de hǎo ― able to write well
- 寫不好/写不好 ― xiě bù hǎo ― unable to write well
- If there is no complement, or if the complement describes the result or the extent of the verb, the negative form has 得不 in the place of 得.
- 寫得好/写得好 ― xiě de hǎo ― write well
- 寫得不好/写得不好 ― xiě de bù hǎo ― write not well
- If it is used after a verb-object construction, the verb is repeated again as "verb-object-verb-得-complement".
- 寫字寫得好/写字写得好 ― xiězì xiě de hǎo ― write characters well
- "Object-verb-得-complement" is also used.
- 字寫得好/字写得好 ― zì xiě de hǎo ― characters being well-written
Synonyms
- (used after a verb or an adjective and before a degree complement): (Hokkien) 甲
Compounds
Pronunciation 3
Definitions
得
- (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) to need (something)
這份表格得多少時間才能填完? [MSC, trad.]
这份表格得多少时间才能填完? [MSC, simp.]- Zhè fèn biǎogé děi duōshào shíjiān cái néng tián wán?
- How much time will one need to fill this form?
- (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) must; to have to
- 我得走了。 ― Wǒ děi zǒu le. ― I must go (now).
……是種病,得治! [MSC, trad.]
……是种病,得治! [MSC, simp.]- ...... shì zhǒng bìng, děi zhì!
- ... is actually an illness. It has to be treated! (humorous, slang)
- (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial) (almost certainly) will
再不回去,就得趕不上末班車了。 [MSC, trad.]
再不回去,就得赶不上末班车了。 [MSC, simp.]- Zài bù huíqù, jiù děi gǎnbùshàng mòbānchē le.
- If we don't go back now, we won't be able to catch the last bus.
- (dialectal Mandarin) nice; satisfying
Synonyms
- 務必/务必 (wùbì)
- 務期/务期 (wùqī) (literary)
- 務須/务须 (wùxū)
- 定著 (tiānn-tio̍h) (Min Nan)
- 必得
- 必須/必须 (bìxū)
- 應當/应当 (yīngdāng) (law)
- 煞著 (Hokkien)
- 著愛/著爱 (tio̍h-ài) (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 非得 (fēiděi)
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
得
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- acquire
Readings
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 得 (MC tok).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Adjective
得 • (toku) ←とく (toku)?-na (adnominal 得な (toku na), adverbial 得に (toku ni))
- beneficial; with gain
- Antonym: 損 (son)
- 500円お得
- go-hyaku-en o-toku
- getting 500 yen
Inflection
Stem forms
|
Imperfective (未然形)
|
得だろ
|
とくだろ
|
toku daro
|
Continuative (連用形)
|
得で
|
とくで
|
toku de
|
Terminal (終止形)
|
得だ
|
とくだ
|
toku da
|
Attributive (連体形)
|
得な
|
とくな
|
toku na
|
Hypothetical (仮定形)
|
得なら
|
とくなら
|
toku nara
|
Imperative (命令形)
|
得であれ
|
とくであれ
|
toku de are
|
Key constructions
|
Informal negative
|
得ではない 得じゃない
|
とくではない とくじゃない
|
toku de wa nai toku ja nai
|
Informal past
|
得だった
|
とくだった
|
toku datta
|
Informal negative past
|
得ではなかった 得じゃなかった
|
とくではなかった とくじゃなかった
|
toku de wa nakatta toku ja nakatta
|
Formal
|
得です
|
とくです
|
toku desu
|
Formal negative
|
得ではありません 得じゃありません
|
とくではありません とくじゃありません
|
toku de wa arimasen toku ja arimasen
|
Formal past
|
得でした
|
とくでした
|
toku deshita
|
Formal negative past
|
得ではありませんでした 得じゃありませんでした
|
とくではありませんでした とくじゃありませんでした
|
toku de wa arimasen deshita toku ja arimasen deshita
|
Conjunctive
|
得で
|
とくで
|
toku de
|
Conditional
|
得なら(ば)
|
とくなら(ば)
|
toku nara (ba)
|
Provisional
|
得だったら
|
とくだったら
|
toku dattara
|
Volitional
|
得だろう
|
とくだろう
|
toku darō
|
Adverbial
|
得に
|
とくに
|
toku ni
|
Degree
|
得さ
|
とくさ
|
tokusa
|
Descendants
Noun
得 • (toku) ←とく (toku)?
- beneficial; with gain
- Antonym: 損 (son)
Etymology 2
Verb
得 • (u) †nidan
- Classical Japanese form of 得る (uru)
Conjugation
Stem forms
|
Irrealis (未然形)
|
得 |
え |
e
|
Continuative (連用形)
|
得 |
え |
e
|
Terminal (終止形)
|
得 |
う |
u
|
Attributive (連体形)
|
得る |
うる |
uru
|
Realis (已然形)
|
得れ |
うれ |
ure
|
Imperative (命令形)
|
得よ |
えよ |
eyo
|
Key constructions
|
Negative
|
得ず |
えず |
ezu
|
Contrasting conjunction
|
得れど |
うれど |
uredo
|
Causal conjunction
|
得れば |
うれば |
ureba
|
Conditional conjunction
|
得ば |
えば |
eba
|
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)
|
得き |
えき |
eki
|
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)
|
得けり |
えけり |
ekeri
|
Perfect tense (conscious action)
|
得つ |
えつ |
etu
|
Perfect tense (natural event)
|
得ぬ |
えぬ |
enu
|
Perfect-continuative tense
|
得たり |
えたり |
etari
|
Volitional
|
得む |
えむ |
emu
|
References
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 得 (MC tok).
Hanja
Wikisource
得 (eumhun 얻을 득 (eodeul deuk))
- Hanja form? of 득 (“obtain, achieve”).
- Hanja form? of 득 (“gain, benefit”).
- Hanja form? of 득 (“satisfaction”).
Derived terms
Compounds
- 납득 (納得, napdeuk)
- 득점 (得點, deukjeom)
- 득남 (得男, deungnam)
- 득녀 (得女, deungnyeo)
- 취득 (取得, chwideuk)
- 터득 (攄得, teodeuk)
- 득실 (得失, deuksil)
- 득의 (得意, deugui)
- 이득 (利得, ideuk)
- 획득 (獲得, hoekdeuk)
- 기득권 (旣得權, gideukgwon)
- 부득이 (不得已, budeugi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
得: Hán Việt readings: đắc
得: Nôm readings: đác, được, đắc, đắt
- Nôm form of được (“to get, to obtain”).
References