得る

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
得
え
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
獲 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "得る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		得る え​る
Imperative (命令形) 得ろ え​ろ
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられ​る
Causative 得させる えさせ​る
Potential 得る え​る
Volitional 得よう えよ​ー
Negative 得ない え​ない
Negative perfective 得なかった え​なかった
Formal 得ます えま​す
Perfective 得た え​た
Conjunctive 得て え​て
Hypothetical conditional 得れば え​れば

Verb

得(え)る • (eru) transitive ichidan (stem 得(え) (e), past 得(え)た (eta))

  1. to get, acquire, gain, obtain, win, catch
  2. (following a verb in the attributive conjugation plus particle を (o) or abstract noun 事 (koto, “fact, instance, occurrence”)) to be able to, can (compare English get to do)
  3. (by extension; in the form ざるを得(え)ない (-zaru o enai) following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do

Conjugation

Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 得 え e
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 得 え e
Shūshikei ("terminal") 得る える eru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 得る える eru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 得れ えれ ere
Meireikei ("imperative") 得よ¹
得ろ² 		えよ¹
えろ² 		eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられる erareru
Causative 得させる
得さす 		えさせる
えさす 		esaseru
esasu
Potential 得られる
得れる³ 		えられる
えれる³ 		erareru
ereru³
Volitional 得よう えよう eyō
Negative 得ない
得ぬ
得ん 		えない
えぬ
えん 		enai
enu
en
Negative continuative 得ず えず ezu
Formal 得ます えます emasu
Perfective 得た えた eta
Conjunctive 得て えて ete
Hypothetical conditional 得れば えれば ereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 得 え e
Continuative (連用形) 得 え e
Terminal (終止形) 得 う u
Attributive (連体形) 得る うる uru
Realis (已然形) 得れ うれ ure
Imperative (命令形) 得よ えよ eyo
Key constructions
Negative 得ず えず ezu
Contrasting conjunction 得れど うれど uredo
Causal conjunction 得れば うれば ureba
Conditional conjunction 得ば えば eba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 得き えき eki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 得けり えけり ekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 得つ えつ etu
Perfect tense (natural event) 得ぬ えぬ enu
Perfect-continuative tense 得たり えたり etari
Volitional 得む えむ emu

Synonyms

Antonyms

See also

Suffix

得(う)る • (-uru) 

  1. to be able to, -able
    出来(でき)得(う)る限(かぎ)り吾輩(わがはい)を入(い)れてくれた主人(しゅじん)の傍(そば)にいる事(こと)をつとめた。
    Dekiuru kagiri wagahai o irete kureta shujin no soba ni iru koto o tsutometa.
    I tried to be at the side of the master who let me in as much as possible.

Conjugation

The template Template:ja-verbconj does not use the parameter(s): 
notes=* <small>¹ Written imperative</small>
* <small>² Spoken imperative</small>
* <small>³ Colloquial potential</small>
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

Conjugation of "得る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 得 え e
Continuative (連用形) 得 え e
Terminal (終止形) 得る うる uru
Attributive (連体形) 得る うる uru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 得れ うれ ure
Imperative (命令形) 得よ¹
得ろ² 		えよ¹
えろ² 		eyo¹
ero²
Key constructions
Passive 得られる えられる erareru
Causative 得させる
得さす 		えさせる
えさす 		esaseru
esasu
Potential 得られる
得れる³ 		えられる
えれる³ 		erareru
ereru³
Volitional 得よう えよう eyō
Negative 得ない
得ぬ
得ん 		えない
えぬ
えん 		enai
enu
en
Negative continuative 得ず えず ezu
Formal 得ます えます emasu
Perfective 得た えた eta
Conjunctive 得て えて ete
Hypothetical conditional 得れば うれば ureba
Classical conjugation of "得" (ア行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 得 え e
Continuative (連用形) 得 え e
Terminal (終止形) 得 う u
Attributive (連体形) 得る うる uru
Realis (已然形) 得れ うれ ure
Imperative (命令形) 得よ えよ eyo
Key constructions
Negative 得ず えず ezu
Contrasting conjunction 得れど うれど uredo
Causal conjunction 得れば うれば ureba
Conditional conjunction 得ば えば eba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 得き えき eki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 得けり えけり ekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 得つ えつ etu
Perfect tense (natural event) 得ぬ えぬ enu
Perfect-continuative tense 得たり えたり etari
Volitional 得む えむ emu

References

  1. ^ “得・獲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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