思

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

思 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田心 (WP), four-corner 6033₀, composition ⿱田心)

Derived characters

• 偲, 媤, 𭓑, 愢, 揌, 㴓, 𤟧, 𨺯, 𪮏, 楒, 毸, 𤋘, 禗, 腮, 䞏, 𫀼, 㥸, 𥻏, 緦(缌), 𦖻, 𬜉, 𦩭, 𧍤, 𧗂, 勰, 䚡, 諰(𫍰), 𨡾, 鍶(锶), 颸(飔), 騦, 鰓(鳃), 𪕳
• 𨜐, 𦖷, 𢣢, 顋, 𪃄, 𭟜, 𠅤, 𠖓, 惫, 𢛥, 崽, 葸, 罳, 𢞨, 𢞰, 𥯨, 𦋮, 𢠞, 𦻇, 䰄, 㢜, 𤸛, 慮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 381, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10462
• Dae Jaweon: page 709, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 4
• Unihan data for U+601D

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 思
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Original form was 恖 (OC *snɯ), considered by Shuowen to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snɯ, *snɯs) : phonetic 囟 (OC *snɯns) + semantic 心 (“heart”). It may also be a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 囟 (“fontanel”) + 心 (“heart”).

囟 started to corrupt into the unrelated 田 as early as the silk script.

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

思

1. (literary, or in compounds) to think; to cogitate

   沉思  ―  chénsī  ―  to ponder; to contemplate

   • 子曰：「學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Xué ér bù sī zé wǎng, sī ér bù xué zé dài.”

     The Master said, "Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous."

2. (literary, or in compounds) to miss; to yearn for

   思鄉／思乡  ―  sīxiāng  ―  to be homesick

3. (literary, or in compounds) to hope; to wish
4. (literary, or in compounds) feeling; mood
5. (literary, or in compounds) thought; thinking

   文思  ―  wénsī  ―  thread of ideas in writing

6. (obsolete) to lament; to grieve for
7. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-initial particle
8. (obsolete) meaningless sentence-medial particle
9. (obsolete) sentence-final interjectional particle
10. a surname

Synonyms

• (to think):

• (to miss):

• (to hope):

• (feeling):

• (thought): 思路 (sīlù), 思緒／思绪 (sīxù)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

思

1. ^† thought; feeling; mood

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

思

1. ^† Alternative form of 䰄 (“heavily bearded”)

Compounds

References

• “思”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. think

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: おもう (omou, 思う, Jōyō)^{←おもふ (omofu, 思ふ, historical)}; おもい (omoi, 思い)^{←おもひ (omofi, 思ひ, historical)}; おぼしい (oboshii, 思しい)

Compounds

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC si).

Pronunciation

• (to think; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
• (in 사상 (思想, sasang, “thought”)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

思

Wikisource

思 (eumhun 생각할 사 (saenggakhal sa))

1. Hanja form^? of 사 (“to think”).
2. Hanja form^? of 사 (“thought; thinking; idea”).
3. Hanja form^? of 사 (“to miss; to yearn for”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 思 (MC siH).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

思 (eumhun 생각 사 (saenggak sa))

1. Hanja form^? of 사 (“thought”).

Compounds

Etymology 3

Related to Middle Chinese 䰄 (MC soj).

Hanja

思 (eumhun 수염이 많을 새 (suyeom-i maneul sae))

1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 䰄 (“Hanja form^? of 새 (“heavily bearded”).”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

思: Hán Nôm readings: tư, tơ, tứ

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