悪

Translingual

Han character

悪 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一一心 (MMP) or 難一一心 (XMMP), four-corner 1033₁, composition ⿱亜心)

Derived characters

• 𨉼, 𫫖, 𬹓

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 388, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10717
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 2
• Unihan data for U+60AA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Simplified from 惡 (亞 → 亜).

Definitions

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01382-002

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 惡)

1. (あく) evil; bad; disagreeable; unpleasant
2. (お) hate; loathe

Readings

• Go-on: あく (aku, Jōyō); う (u)
• Kan-on: あく (aku, Jōyō); お (o, Jōyō)^{←を (wo, historical)}
• Kun: わるい (warui, 悪い, Jōyō); にくむ (nikumu, 悪む); いずくんぞ (izukunzo, 悪んぞ); あし (ashi, 悪し)

Compounds

• 悪(お)露(ろ) (oro): lochia
• 悪(あく)役(やく) (akuyaku): a villain, a baddie

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 惡／恶 (ʔak, “bad”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あ​く (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

悪(あく) • (aku) 

1. evil, wickedness

Affix

悪(あく) • (aku) 

1. evil, vice, ill, wrong
2. bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; undesirable;
3. inferior; ugly
4. fierce; vicious

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) わ​る (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

悪(わる) • (waru) 

1. evil, wickedness

Etymology 3

/wo/ → /o/

From Middle Chinese 惡 (MC 'uH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Affix

悪(お) • (o) ^{←を (wo)?}

1. hate; loathe

References