悪しい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
悪
あ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
惡しい (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Modern reflex of Classical Japanese adjective 悪(あ)し (ashi).

Generally, this form is not used in Modern Japanese. It was used from the Muromachi period until the Japanese early modern period. Alternatives like 悪(わる)い (warui) are used today instead. Forms of the older -shiku conjugation 悪(あ)し (ashi) are still commonly encountered, such as 悪(あ)しき (ashiki) and 悪(あ)しかれ (ashikare).

Pronunciation

Adjective

悪(あ)しい • (ashii) -i (adverbial 悪(あ)しく (ashiku))

  1. (obsolete) bad; evil

Conjugation

Inflection of 悪しい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 悪しかろ あしかろ ashikaro
Continuative (連用形) 悪しく あしく ashiku
Terminal (終止形) 悪しい あしい ashii
Attributive (連体形) 悪しい あしい ashii
Hypothetical (仮定形) 悪しけれ あしけれ ashikere
Imperative (命令形) 悪しかれ あしかれ ashikare
Key constructions
Informal negative 悪しくない あしくない ashiku nai
Informal past 悪しかった あしかった ashikatta
Informal negative past 悪しくなかった あしくなかった ashiku nakatta
Formal 悪しいです あしいです ashii desu
Formal negative 悪しくないです あしくないです ashiku nai desu
Formal past 悪しかったです あしかったです ashikatta desu
Formal negative past 悪しくなかったです あしくなかったです ashiku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 悪しくて あしくて ashikute
Conditional 悪しければ あしければ ashikereba
Provisional 悪しかったら あしかったら ashikattara
Volitional 悪しかろう あしかろう ashikarō
Adverbial 悪しく あしく ashiku
Degree 悪しさ あしさ ashisa

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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