| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 悶 |
| もだ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
悶える • (modaeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 悶え (modae), past 悶えた (modaeta))
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悶え | もだえ | modae | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悶え | もだえ | modae | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悶える | もだえる | modaeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悶える | もだえる | modaeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悶えれ | もだえれ | modaere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 悶えよ¹ 悶えろ² |
もだえよ¹ もだえろ² |
modaeyo¹ modaero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 悶えられる | もだえられる | modaerareru | |
| Causative | 悶えさせる 悶えさす |
もだえさせる もだえさす |
modaesaseru modaesasu | |
| Potential | 悶えられる 悶えれる³ |
もだえられる もだえれる³ |
modaerareru modaereru³ | |
| Volitional | 悶えよう | もだえよう | modaeyō | |
| Negative | 悶えない 悶えぬ 悶えん |
もだえない もだえぬ もだえん |
modaenai modaenu modaen | |
| Negative continuative | 悶えず | もだえず | modaezu | |
| Formal | 悶えます | もだえます | modaemasu | |
| Perfective | 悶えた | もだえた | modaeta | |
| Conjunctive | 悶えて | もだえて | modaete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悶えれば | もだえれば | modaereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 悶え | もだえ | modae |
| Continuative (連用形) | 悶え | もだえ | modae |
| Terminal (終止形) | 悶ゆ | もだゆ | modayu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 悶ゆる | もだゆる | modayuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 悶ゆれ | もだゆれ | modayure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 悶えよ | もだえよ | modaeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 悶えず | もだえず | modaezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 悶ゆれど | もだゆれど | modayuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 悶ゆれば | もだゆれば | modayureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 悶えば | もだえば | modaeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 悶えき | もだえき | modaeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 悶えけり | もだえけり | modaekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 悶えつ | もだえつ | modaetu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 悶えぬ | もだえぬ | modaenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 悶えたり | もだえたり | modaetari |
| Volitional | 悶えむ | もだえむ | modaemu |