愚

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愚 U+611A, 愚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-611A
← 愙
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 愛 →

Translingual

Han character

愚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田月心 (WBP), four-corner 60332, composition ⿱禺心)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10946
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+611A

Chinese

trad. 愚
simp. # 愚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (禺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
齵 *ŋoː, *ŋo
偶 *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs
耦 *ŋoːʔ
藕 *ŋoːʔ
髃 *ŋoːʔ, *ŋo
蕅 *ŋoːʔ
愚 *ŋo
隅 *ŋo
禺 *ŋo, *ŋos
湡 *ŋo
堣 *ŋo
嵎 *ŋo
鰅 *ŋo, *ŋoŋ
鍝 *ŋo
遇 *ŋos
寓 *ŋos
庽 *ŋos
媀 *ŋos
喁 *ŋoŋ
顒 *ŋoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋo) : phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – stupid.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ngṳ̀ - literary;
  • kṳ̀ - vernacular.
Note: ngu5 - Chaoyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 愚
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y⁴⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y²¹³/
Qingdao /y²¹³/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /y¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵy²³/
Suzhou /ȵy¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋi¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋõ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
/ŋai³¹/ 訓獃
Rime
Character 愚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 虞俱切
Baxter ngju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ŋio/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 愚
Reading # 1/1
No. 15919
Phonetic
component 		禺
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋo/

Definitions

愚

  1. foolish; stupid
  2. to fool; to dupe
  3. (humble) I

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 吾, 我, 余, 予, 台, 朕 for emperors, 臣, 愚 humble
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 我, 本人, 鄙人 humble, 在下 humble, 不才 humble
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 我
Taiwan 我
Langfang 我
Chengde 我
Ulanhot 我
Tongliao 我
Chifeng 我, 咱
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 我
Heihe 我, 俺
Qiqihar 我, 俺
Harbin 我, 俺
Jiamusi 我, 俺, 咱
Baicheng 我
Changchun 我
Tonghua 我, 咱
Shenyang 我
Jinzhou 我
Malaysia 我
Singapore 我
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 我
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 我
Tangshan 我
Cangzhou 我, 俺
Baoding 我
Shijiazhuang 我, 俺
Lijin 我, 俺
Weifang (Weicheng) 我, 俺
Weifang (Fangzi) 我, 俺
Changle 我, 俺
Shouguang 我, 俺
Rizhao 我, 俺
Wulian 我, 俺
Jinan 我, 俺
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 我
Dandong 我, 俺
Yantai 我, 俺
Yantai (Muping) 我, 俺
Qingdao 我, 俺
Weifang (Hanting) 我, 俺
Changyi 我, 俺
Gaomi 我, 俺
Zhucheng 我, 俺
Anqiu 我, 俺
Linqu 我, 俺
Qingzhou 俺
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 我, 俺
Lingbao 我
Jining 我, 俺
Wanrong 我, 俺
Linfen 我
Shangqiu 我, 俺
Yuanyang 我, 俺
Zhengzhou 我, 俺
Kaifeng 我, 俺
Xinyang 我
Ankang 我
Baihe 我
Xi'an 我, 俺 †
Baoji 我
Tongxin 我
Guyuan 我
Tianshui 我
Xining 我
Yanqi 我
Xuzhou 我, 俺, 咱
Xuzhou (Jiawang) 俺, 我
Pizhou 俺, 我
Suining 我
Xinyi 我, 俺
Fengxian 我, 俺
Suqian 俺
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 我, 俺
Donghai 我, 俺
Fuyang 我, 俺
Bengbu 我, 俺
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 我
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 我
Zhongwei 我
Lanzhou 我
Dunhuang 我
Hami 我
Ürümqi 我
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 我
Chengdu (Xindu) 我
Nanchong 我
Nanbu 我
Dazhou 我
Hanyuan 我
Xichang 我
Zigong 我
Chongqing 我
Wuhan 我
Yichang 我
Xiangyang 我
Tianmen 我
Lhasa 我
Guiyang 我
Zunyi 我
Bijie 我
Liping 我
Zhaotong 我
Dali 我
Kunming 我
Mengzi 我
Guilin 我
Guilin (Lingui) 我
Guanyang 我
Lipu 我
Pingle 我
Yangshuo 我
Liuzhou 我
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 我
Nanning (Fujian) 我
Nanning (Wuming) 我
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 我
Binyang (Nanjie) 我
Shanglin (Sanli) 我
Hechi (Yizhou) 我
Jishou 我
Changde 我, 頑, 俺
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 我
Ziyang 我
Hanzhong 我
Dagudi (Maliba) 我
Reshuitang (Longling) 我
Mae Salong (Lancang) 我
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 我
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 我
Yangzhou 我
Yangzhou (Jiangdu) 我
Baoying 我
Gaoyou 我
Yizheng 我
Taizhou 我
Taixing 我
Taizhou (Jiangyan) 我
Jingjiang (Dongxing) 我
Zhenjiang 我
Jurong 我
Lianyungang 我, 俺
Guanyun 我
Guannan 我, 呣
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 我
Huai'an (Hongze) 我
Lianshui 我
Xuyi 我
Jinhu 我
Xinghua 我
Nantong 我
Rugao 我
Rudong 我
Hai'an 我
Yancheng 我
Dongtai 我
Sheyang 我
Funing 我
Jianhu 我
Xiangshui 我
Shuyang 我
Sihong 我, 俺
Anqing 我
Wuhu 我
Hefei 我
Chuzhou 我
Huanggang 我
Hong'an 我
Mandarin Qinzhou (Longmengang) 我
Cantonese Guangzhou 我
Hong Kong 我
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 我
Macau 我
Guangzhou (Panyu) 我
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 我
Guangzhou (Conghua) 我
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 我
Foshan 我
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 我
Foshan (Shunde) 我
Foshan (Sanshui) 我
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 我
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 我
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 我
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 我
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 我
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 我
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 我
Zhongshan (Henglan) 我
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 我
Zhongshan (Nantou) 我
Zhongshan (Fusha) 我
Zhongshan (Shalang) 我
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 我
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 我
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 我
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 我
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 我
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 我
Zhongshan (Banfu) 我
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 我
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 我
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 我
Zhuhai (Doumen) 我
Jiangmen (Baisha) 𠊎
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 我
Taishan 我
Kaiping (Chikan) 我
Enping (Niujiang) 我
Heshan (Yayao) 我
Dongguan 我
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 我
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 我
Qingyuan 我
Fogang 我
Yingde (Hanguang) 我
Yangshan 我
Lianshan (Butian) 我
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 我
Shaoguan 我
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 我
Renhua 我
Lechang 我
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 我
Sihui 我
Guangning 我
Deqing 我
Huaiji 我
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 儂
Yunfu 我, 儂
Xinxing 我
Luoding 我
Yunan (Pingtai) 我
Yangjiang 我
Xinyi 我
Maoming (Xinpo) 我
Lianjiang 我
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 我
Nanning 我
Wuzhou 我
Yulin 我
Hepu (Lianzhou) 我
Hepu (Shatian) 我
Guiping 我
Mengshan (Xihe) 我
Guigang (Nanjiang) 我
Beiliu 我
Baise 我
Bobai 我
Lingshan 我
Pubei 我
Qinzhou 我
Beihai 我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 我
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 我
Ningming 我
Hengzhou 我
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 儂
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 我
Danzhou 我
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 我
Penang (Guangfu) 我
Singapore (Guangfu) 我
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 我
Móng Cái 我
Gan Nanchang 我
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 我
Anyi 我仂
Lushan 我
Pengze 我
Duchang 我, 我濃
Wuning (Quankou) 我
Poyang 我
Yugan 阿, 我郎
Wannian 阿
Hengfeng 阿, 阿仂
Yanshan (Hekou) 阿, 阿仂
Leping 阿
Yichun 我
Yifeng 阿
Gao'an 我
Fengxin 我
Shanggao 我
Wanzai 我
Fengcheng 我
Xinyu 阿, 我
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 我
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 阿仂
Nancheng 阿
Nanfeng 阿仂, 阿
Yihuang 我
Lichuan 我, 阿
Chongren 我
Pingxiang 巷
Lianhua 我
Ji'an 阿, 我
Yongfeng 我
Taihe 我
Xiajiang 我
Yongxin 我
Yingtan (Yujiang) 阿
Guixi 阿, 阿仂
Jianning 我
Jinxian 我
Jinxi 阿
Le'an 我
Guangchang 阿
Anfu 我
Suichuan 𠊎
Wan'an 𠊎
Jing'an 我
Zhangshu 我
Xingan 我
Fenyi 我
Hakka Meixian 𠊎
Xingning 𠊎
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 我
Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua) 我
Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua) 我
Huiyang 𠊎
Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua) 我
Huidong (Daling) 𠊎
Dongguan (Qingxi) 𠊎
Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua) 我
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 我
Boluo (Bendihua) 我
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 𠊎
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 𠊎
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 𠊎
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 𠊎
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 𠊎
Wuhua (Huacheng) 𠊎
Wuhua (Changbu) 𠊎
Wuhua (Mianyang) 𠊎
Wuhua (Meilin) 𠊎
Heyuan (Bendihua) 我
Zijin 我
Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua) 我
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 我
Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua) 我
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 我
Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua) 我
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 我
Wengyuan 𠊎
Nanxiong (Zhuji) 𠊎
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 𠊎
Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua) 我
Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua) 我
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 𠊎
Liannan 𠊎
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 𠊎
Jiexi 𠊎
Luhe 𠊎
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 𠊎
Changting 𠊎
Shanghang 𠊎
Longyan (Yongding) 𠊎
Wuping 𠊎
Wuping (Yanqian) 𠊎
Wuping (Pingyu) 𠊎
Liancheng 𠊎
Ninghua 𠊎
Qingliu 𠊎
Yudu 𠊎
Ningdu 𠊎
Ruijin 𠊎
Shicheng 𠊎
Shangyou (Shexi) 𠊎
Tonggu (Sandu) 𠊎
Ganzhou (Panlong) 𠊎
Ganzhou (Nankang) 𠊎
Dayu 𠊎
Dingnan 𠊎
Longnan 𠊎
Xunwu 𠊎
Huichang 𠊎
Chongyi 𠊎
Xingguo 𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𠊎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 𠊎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 𠊎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 𠊎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 𠊎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 𠊎
Hong Kong 𠊎
Yangxi (Tangkou) 𠊎
Yangchun (Sanjia) 𠊎
Xinyi (Sihe) 𠊎
Xinyi (Qianpai) 𠊎
Gaozhou (Xindong) 𠊎
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 𠊎
Huazhou (Xin'an) 𠊎
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 𠊎
Lianjiang (Qingping) 𠊎
Mengshan (Xihe) 𠊎
Luchuan 𠊎
Luchuan (Daqiao) 𠊎
Bobai (Shahe) 𠊎
Bobai (Longtan) 𠊎
Bobai (Lingping) 𠊎
Bobai (Lingjiao) 𠊎
Beiliu (Tang'an) 𠊎
Mashan (Pianlian) 我
Sabah (Longchuan) 𠊎, 我
Senai (Huiyang) 𠊎
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 𠊎
Singkawang 𠊎
Singapore (Dabu) 𠊎
Bangkok (Meixian) 𠊎
Huizhou Jixi 我
Shexian 我, 阿
Wuyuan 我
Fuliang 我
Dexing 我
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 我
Jiande (Meicheng) 黨, 卬
Jiande (Shouchang) 我, 我儂
Jin Taiyuan 我, 俺 †, used only by females
Yangyuan 我, 俺
Datong 我
Xinzhou 我, 俺
Lüliang (Lishi) 我, 俺
Changzhi 我
Linhe 我
Jining 我, 俺
Hohhot 我, 俺
Erenhot 我, 俺
Pingshan 我, 俺
Zhangjiakou 我
Handan 我, 俺
Linzhou 我, 俺
Suide 我
Northern Min Jian'ou 我, 俺
Songxi 我
Zhenghe 我
Jianyang 我
Eastern Min Fuzhou 我, 奴
Fuzhou (Changle) 我
Lianjiang 我
Fuqing 我
Pingtan 我
Yongtai 我
Minqing 我
Gutian 我
Pingnan 我
Luoyuan 我
Fu'an 我
Ningde 我
Xiapu 我
Zherong 我
Shouning 我
Zhouning 我
Fuding 我
Taishun 我
Cangnan 我
Singapore (Fuqing) 我
Sitiawan (Gutian) 我
Southern Min Xiamen 我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
Xiamen (Tong'an) 我
Quanzhou 我, 阮
Jinjiang 我
Nan'an 我
Shishi 我
Hui'an 我
Anxi 我
Yongchun 我
Dehua 我
Zhangzhou 我, 阮, 遮人, 遮的人
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 我
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 我
Hua'an 我
Nanjing 我
Pinghe 我
Zhangpu 我
Yunxiao 我
Zhao'an 我
Dongshan 我
Taipei 我, 阮 GT
Taipei (Wanhua) 我
New Taipei (Tamsui) 我
New Taipei (Sanxia) 我
New Taipei (Pingxi) 我
Kaohsiung 我
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 我
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 我
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 我
Yilan 我
Changhua (Lukang) 我
Taichung 我
Taichung (Wuqi) 我
Tainan 我
Taitung 我
Hsinchu 我
Kinmen 我
Penghu (Magong) 我
Penang (Hokkien) 我
Singapore (Hokkien) 我
Manila (Hokkien) 我
Longyan 我
Zhangping 我
Datian 我
Shunchang (Pushang) 我
Pingnan (Shangdu) 我
Guilin (Biyange) 我
Cangnan 我
Chaozhou 我
Shantou 我
Shantou (Chenghai) 我
Shantou (Chaoyang) 我
Jieyang 我
Haifeng 我
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 我
Singapore (Teochew) 我
Batam (Teochew) 我
Pontianak (Teochew) 我
Wenchang 我, 儂 polite/humble
Haikou 我
Singapore (Hainanese) 我, 儂 polite/humble
Puxian Min Putian 我
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 我
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 我
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 我
Xianyou 我
Xianyou (Fengting) 我
Xianyou (Youyang) 我
Central Min Yong'an 我
Sanming (Shaxian) 我
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 我
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 伉
Guangze 伉
Jiangle 我
Mingxi 我
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 我
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 我
Shehua Jingning (Hexi) 我
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 我
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 吾
Wu Shanghai 我, 阿拉
Shanghai (Songjiang) 我儂
Shanghai (Jiading) 唔, 唔儂
Shanghai (Chongming) 我
Suzhou 我, 奴
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 吾, 吾奴
Wuxi 我
Changshu 我
Nantong (Haimen) 我
Jiaxing 我奴
Jiashan 我奴, 我
Pinghu 我奴, 我
Haining (Yanguan) 我
Tongxiang 我
Haiyan 我, 活儂, 活奴
Changzhou 我
Danyang 我
Nanjing (Gaochun) 我
Huzhou 是我
Changxing 我, 是我
Anji 我
Deqing 我
Hangzhou 我
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 我, 是我
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 我, 是我, 什我
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 我, 是我
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 我
Tonglu 我, 是我
Tonglu (Wusheng) 我
Shaoxing 我
Zhuji 我
Shengzhou 我
Xinchang 我
Ningbo 我, 我儂, 像我
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 我
Ningbo (Fenghua) 我
Yuyao 我
Cixi 我
Xiangshan 我, 像我
Zhoushan 伢
Taizhou (Huangyan) 我
Tiantai 我
Xianju 我
Sanmen 我
Linhai 我
Wenling 我俚
Wenzhou 我
Yueqing 我
Yongjia (Fenglin) 我
Rui'an 我
Pingyang 我
Taishun 我
Wencheng 我
Lishui 我
Qingtian 我
Jinyun 我, 動我
Wuyi (Liucheng) 我
Songyang (Xiping) 我
Yunhe 我
Jingning 我
Qingyuan 我
Longquan 我
Quzhou 我
Suichang 我, 我儂
Jiangshan 我
Changshan 我
Kaihua 我, 我儂
Longyou 我, 我儂
Jinhua 我, 我儂
Jinhua (Tangxi) 我, 我儂
Yiwu 我
Yongkang 我
Pujiang 我
Dongyang 我
Wuyi 我, 我儂
Lanxi 我, 我儂
Shangrao 阿儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 阿
Yushan 阿, 儂
Xiang Changsha 我
Loudi 我
Shuangfeng 我, 卬
Hengyang 我
Quanzhou 我
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 我
Note † - as an attributive, used without 的; GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (愚):
  • → Japanese: 愚(ぐ) (gu)
  • → Korean: 우(愚) (u)
  • → Vietnamese: ngu (愚)

Others:

  • → Lao: ໂງ່ (ngō)
  • → Thai: โง่ (ngôo, “ignorant; stupid; unintelligent”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

愚

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. bullshit
  2. foolish
  3. absurdity
  4. stupid

Readings

  • Go-on: ぐ (gu, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ぐ (gu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おろか (oroka, 愚か, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
愚
ぐ
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 愚 (MC ngju).

Pronunciation

Adjective

愚(ぐ) • (gu) -na (adnominal 愚(ぐ)な (gu na), adverbial 愚(ぐ)に (gu ni))

  1. foolish
    Synonym: 愚か (oroka)

Inflection

Inflection of 愚
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 愚だろ ぐだろ gu daro
Continuative (連用形) 愚で ぐで gu de
Terminal (終止形) 愚だ ぐだ gu da
Attributive (連体形) 愚な ぐな gu na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 愚なら ぐなら gu nara
Imperative (命令形) 愚であれ ぐであれ gu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 愚ではない
愚じゃない 		ぐではない
ぐじゃない 		gu de wa nai
gu ja nai
Informal past 愚だった ぐだった gu datta
Informal negative past 愚ではなかった
愚じゃなかった 		ぐではなかった
ぐじゃなかった 		gu de wa nakatta
gu ja nakatta
Formal 愚です ぐです gu desu
Formal negative 愚ではありません
愚じゃありません 		ぐではありません
ぐじゃありません 		gu de wa arimasen
gu ja arimasen
Formal past 愚でした ぐでした gu deshita
Formal negative past 愚ではありませんでした
愚じゃありませんでした 		ぐではありませんでした
ぐじゃありませんでした 		gu de wa arimasen deshita
gu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 愚で ぐで gu de
Conditional 愚なら（ば） ぐなら（ば） gu nara (ba)
Provisional 愚だったら ぐだったら gu dattara
Volitional 愚だろう ぐだろう gu darō
Adverbial 愚に ぐに gu ni
Degree 愚さ ぐさ gusa

Noun

愚(ぐ) • (gu) 

  1. foolishness, folly
    • 1900, 田中正造, 亡國に至るを知らざれば之れ即ち亡國の儀に付質問‎, 青空文庫:
      己(おのれ)の愚(ぐ)を知(し)れば則(すなは)ち愚(ぐ)にあらず、己(おのれ)の愚(ぐ)なることを知(し)らなければ是(これ)が眞(しん)の愚(ぐ)である。
      onore no gu o shireba sunawachi gu ni arazu, onore no gu naru koto o shiranakereba kore ga shin no gu de aru.
      if you know your own foolishness, then you are not foolish. If you do not know that you are foolish, this is true foolishness.

Derived terms

Pronoun

愚(ぐ) • (gu) 

  1. (humble) I, me

Korean

Hanja

愚 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Adjective

愚 • (ngu)

  1. stupid; doltish; foolish
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