慢

慢	U+6162, 慢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6162

← 慡

CJK Unified Ideographs

慣 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

慢 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心日田水 (PAWE), four-corner 9604₇, composition ⿰忄曼)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11110
Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 29
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2346, character 1
Unihan data for U+6162

Chinese

trad.		慢
simp. ^#		慢
2nd round simp.		𭜌
alternative forms		僈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (曼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
獌	mroːn, moːns, *mons
鬘	*mroːn
謾	mroːn, mroːns, mon, moːn, *moːns
慢	*mroːns
嫚	*mroːns
縵	mroːns, moːns
曼	moːn, mons
饅	*moːn
蔓	moːn, mons
鰻	moːn, mons
墁	moːn, moːns
鏝	moːn, moːns
槾	*moːn
漫	*moːns
幔	*moːns
蟃	*mons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mroːns): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a character trait or behavior (of the heart), sluggish. Note that 曼 also means “long, extended”, so connotations of “take a long time, leisurely, sluggish”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): màn (man⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ман (man, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maan⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): man⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): man⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): man

(Hailu, HRS): man^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): man⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): man³
Northern Min (KCR): māing
Eastern Min (BUC): mâing / mâng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): mang⁵ / meng⁵ / me⁵ / mi⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bān / bǎn

(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁷ / bhuang⁶ / bhuêng⁶ / muang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶me
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): man⁵ / man⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: màn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: màn
  - Wade–Giles: man⁴
  - Yale: màn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mann
  - Palladius: мань (manʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ман (man, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: maan⁶
  - Yale: maahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐban³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: man
  - Hakka Romanization System: man
  - Hagfa Pinyim: man⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /man⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: man^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /man³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: man⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /man⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: man³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /mæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mâing / mâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ²⁴²/, /mɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

mâing - vernacular;
mâng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: mang⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: māng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: mang⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ¹¹/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /me̞ŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: me⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mā̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /me¹¹/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: me⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /me²¹/
- (Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: mi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹/

Note:

mang5 - literary;
meng5 - vernacular;
me5 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Magong, Kinmen, Singapore, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān
  - Tâi-lô: bān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ban
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kinmen, Singapore): /ban²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ban⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /ban³³/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǎn
  - Tâi-lô: bǎn
  - IPA (Lukang): /ban³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mang⁷ / bhuang⁶ / bhuêng⁶ / muang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: māng / buăng / buĕng / muăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ¹¹/, /buaŋ³⁵/, /bueŋ³⁵/, /muaŋ³⁵/

Note:

mang7 - "slow";
bhuang6/bhuêng6/muang6 - "cold, arrogant" (in 傲慢);
bhuang6 - Shantou, Chenghai;
bhuêng6 - Chaozhou;
muang6 - Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶me
  - MiniDict: me^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³me
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /me²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: man⁵ / man⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /man²¹/, /man⁴⁵/

Note:

man5 - vernacular;
man4 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慢
Mandarin	Beijing	/man⁵¹/
	Harbin	/man⁵³/
	Tianjin	/man⁵³/
	Jinan	/mã²¹/
	Qingdao	/mã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/man³¹²/
	Xi'an	/mã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/mã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/man¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/man²¹³/
	Wuhan	/man³⁵/
	Chengdu	/man¹³/
	Guiyang	/man²¹³/
	Kunming	/mã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/maŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/mæ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/mæ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/mɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/mæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/me²³/
	Suzhou	/me̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ma²²/
Hui	Shexian	/mɛ²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/muːə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/man⁵⁵/ /man¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/man²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/man²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/man⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/mɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/man²²/
	Nanning	/man²²/
	Hong Kong	/man²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ban²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/maiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/maiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/maŋ³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/maŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: maenH

Rime
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	謨晏切
Baxter	maenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨn^H/
Li Rong	/man^H/
Wang Li	/man^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/man^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	màn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	maan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤra-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mroːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	màn
Middle Chinese	‹ mæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁra-s/
English	disrespectful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慢
Reading #	1/1
No.	8735
Phonetic component	曼
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	慢
Old Chinese	/*mroːns/

Definitions

慢

slow; sluggish
你能開慢一點嗎？
你能开慢一点吗？
Nǐ néng kāi màn yīdiǎn ma?
Can you drive slower?

這錶慢了三分鐘。
这表慢了三分钟。
Zhè biǎo màn le sān fēnzhōng.
This watch is three minutes slow.
rude; proud; disrespectful
怠慢 ― dàimàn ― to snub

輕慢／轻慢 ― qīngmàn ― arrogant
(of time zones) to be behind
Antonym: 快 (kuài)
(literary) slack; sluggish; remiss; idle
- 若無興德之言，則責攸之、禕、允等之慢。
  若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢。
  From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
  Ruò wú xìngdé zhī yán, zé zé Yōuzhī, Yī, Yǔn děng zhī màn.
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Teochew) late

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		慢, 緩慢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	慢
	Taiwan	慢
	Malaysia	慢
	Singapore	慢
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	慢
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	慢
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	慢
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	慢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	慢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	慢
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慢, 嚤
	Hong Kong	慢, 嚤
	Yangjiang	慢
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	慢
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慢
Gan	Nanchang	慢
Hakka	Meixian	慢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	慢
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	慢
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	慢
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	慢
	Kuching (Hepo)	慢
Jin	Taiyuan	慢
Northern Min	Jian'ou	慢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	慢
Southern Min	Xiamen	慢
	Quanzhou	慢
	Zhangzhou	慢
	Taipei	慢
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	慢
	Kaohsiung	慢
	Yilan	慢
	Changhua (Lukang)	慢
	Taichung	慢
	Tainan	慢, 惡 GT
	Hsinchu	慢
	Kinmen	慢
	Penghu (Magong)	慢
	Penang (Hokkien)	慢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慢
	Manila (Hokkien)	慢
	Chaozhou	慢
	Shantou	慢
	Singapore (Teochew)	慢
	Wenchang	慢
	Singapore (Hainanese)	慢
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	慢
Wu	Shanghai	慢
	Suzhou	慢
	Ningbo	慢, 緩
	Wenzhou	慢
Xiang	Changsha	慢
Xiang	Shuangfeng	慢
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

(slow): 緩／缓 (huǎn)

Dialectal synonyms of 晚 (“late (in time)”)

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		遲, 晚
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	晚
	Taiwan	晚, 遲
	Harbin	晚
	Singapore	晚, 遲
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	晚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	晚
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	晚
	Xi'an	晚, 遲
	Xuzhou	晚, 遲
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	晏, 晚
	Wuhan	晏, 遲
	Guiyang	晏
	Liuzhou	晏
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	晚, 遲
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	晚, 遲
Cantonese	Guangzhou	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	晏
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	晏, 遲
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	遲
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	遲
	Macau	遲
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	晏, 遲
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	遲
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	晏
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	晏, 遲
	Foshan	晏, 遲
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	晏
	Foshan (Shunde)	遲
	Foshan (Sanshui)	遲
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	遲
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	遲
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	遲
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	遲
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	晏, 遲
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	遲
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	遲
	Taishan	晏, 遲
	Kaiping (Chikan)	晏, 遲
	Enping (Niujiang)	晏, 遲
	Heshan (Yayao)	遲水
	Dongguan	晏, 遲
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	晏
	Yangjiang	晏, 遲
	Yangjiang (Yangdong)	晏
	Yangdong (Yashao)	晏, 遲
	Yangchun	晏, 遲
	Yangxi	晏, 遲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	遲
	Singapore (Guangfu)	晏, 遲
Gan	Nanchang	晏
Gan	Pingxiang	晏
Hakka	Meixian	遲
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	晏
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	遲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	遲
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	晏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	遲, 晏
	Wengyuan	晝
	Liannan	遲
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	晏
	Jiexi	慢
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	慢
	Changting	晏
	Wuping	遲
	Wuping (Yanqian)	夜
	Ninghua	遲
	Yudu	晏
	Ningdu	遲
	Tonggu (Sandu)	晏
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	晏
	Dayu	晏
	Hong Kong	遲
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	遲
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	遲
	Xinyi (Sihe)	遲
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	遲
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	遲
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	遲
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	遲
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	遲
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	遲
	Mengshan (Xihe)	遲
	Luchuan	遲
	Senai (Huiyang)	遲
Huizhou	Jixi	晏
Jin	Taiyuan	遲, 晚
Northern Min	Jian'ou	晏
	Songxi	晏
	Zhenghe	慢
	Jianyang	晏
	Wuyishan	晏
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	遲, 晏
	Fuzhou (Changle)	遲
	Lianjiang	遲, 晏
	Fuqing	遲, 晏
	Pingtan	晏
	Yongtai	遲, 晏
	Minqing	遲
	Gutian	慢
	Pingnan	慢
	Luoyuan	晏
	Fu'an	晏
	Ningde	晏
	Xiapu	晏
	Zherong	晏
	Shouning	晏
	Zhouning	遲
	Fuding	晏
Southern Min	Xiamen	晏, 暗
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	晏
	Quanzhou	晏, 暗
	Jinjiang	晏
	Nan'an	晏
	Shishi	晏
	Hui'an	晏
	Anxi	晏
	Yongchun	晏
	Dehua	晏
	Zhangzhou	晏, 暗
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	晏
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	晏
	Hua'an	晏
	Nanjing	晏
	Pinghe	晏
	Zhangpu	晏
	Yunxiao	晏
	Zhao'an	晏
	Dongshan	晏
	Taipei	晏 GT, 暗 GT
	Kinmen	晏
	Singapore (Hokkien)	暗, 晏
	Manila (Hokkien)	晏, 暗
	Longyan	遲
	Zhangping	晏
	Datian	晏
	Chaozhou	晏, 慢
	Shantou	晏, 慢
	Jieyang	晏, 慢
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	晏
	Singapore (Teochew)	晏
	Leizhou	晏
	Wenchang	晏
	Haikou	晏
	Singapore (Hainanese)	晏, 暗
Puxian Min	Putian	晏
Puxian Min	Xianyou	晏
Central Min	Yong'an	慢
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	慢
	Sanming (Shaxian)	晏
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	晏, 遲
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	晏
Wu	Shanghai	晏
	Suzhou	晏
	Danyang	晚
	Hangzhou	晏, 遲
	Ningbo	晏
	Wenzhou	遲
Xiang	Changsha	晏, 遲
Xiang	Loudi	晏
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “slow”): 快 (kuài)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

慢

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: めん (men)
Kan-on: ばん (ban)
Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
Kun: おそい (osoi, 慢い)、おこたる (okotaru, 慢る)、あなどる (anadoru, 慢る)、おごる (ogoru, 慢る)

Compounds

(slow):
- 慢(まん)性(せい) (mansei, “chronic”)
- 緩(かん)慢(まん) (kanman, “sluggish”)
- 遅慢
(negligent):
- 怠(たい)慢(まん) (taiman, “negligent”)
(arrogant):
- 高(こう)慢(まん) (kōman, “arrogance”)
- 傲(ごう)慢(まん) (gōman, “arrogance”)
- 自(じ)慢(まん) (jiman, “pride”)

Korean

Hanja

慢 (eumhun 게으를 만 (geeureul man))

hanja form^? of 만 (“slow, leisurely, sluggish”)

Vietnamese

Han character

慢: Hán Nôm readings: mạn, mắn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

慢

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia