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憂愁. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
憂愁, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
憂愁 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
憂愁 you have here. The definition of the word
憂愁 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
憂愁, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
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憂
|
愁
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Reading #
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1/1
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
yōu
|
chóu
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ ʔjuw ›
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‹ dzrjuw ›
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Old Chinese
|
/*ʔ(r)u/
|
/*riw/
|
English
|
grief, grieved
|
grieved
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
Character
|
憂
|
愁
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
No.
|
15493
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10550
|
Phonetic component
|
憂
|
秋
|
Rime group
|
幽
|
幽
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Rime subdivision
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1
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2
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Corresponding MC rime
|
憂
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愁
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Old Chinese
|
/*qu/
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/*zrɯw/
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Adjective
憂愁
- sad; worried; depressed
屈平疾王聽之不聰也,讒諂之蔽明也,邪曲之害公也,方正之不容也,故憂愁幽思而作《離騷》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
屈平疾王听之不聪也,谗谄之蔽明也,邪曲之害公也,方正之不容也,故忧愁幽思而作《离骚》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qū Píng jí wáng tīng zhī bù cōng yě, chánchǎn zhī bì míng yě, xiéqū zhī hài gōng yě, fāngzhèng zhī bùróng yě, gù yōuchóu yōusī ér zuò “Lísāo”.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
兵馬將往收捕,婦女憂愁,踧眉啼哭。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
兵马将往收捕,妇女忧愁,踧眉啼哭。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: In Search of the Sacred, circa 3rd century CE
- Bīngmǎ jiāng wǎng shōubǔ, fùnǚ yōuchóu, díméi tíkū.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
人面獸心,去留難測,既易水草,痾恙將多,憂愁致困,死亡必甚。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
人面兽心,去留难测,既易水草,疴恙将多,忧愁致困,死亡必甚。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- From: Wei Shou, Book of Wei, 551 – 554 CE
- Rén miàn shòu xīn, qùliú náncè, jì yì shuǐcǎo, kēyàng jiāng duō, yōuchóu zhì kùn, sǐwáng bì shèn.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Synonyms
- 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
- 傷心/伤心 (shāngxīn)
- 傷悲/伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
- 傷感/伤感 (shānggǎn)
- 傷懷/伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
- 傷痛/伤痛 (shāngtòng)
- 傷神/伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
- 刺心 (cìxīn)
- 哀傷/哀伤 (āishāng)
- 哀切 (āiqiè)
- 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
- 哀悽/哀凄 (āiqī)
- 哀慟/哀恸 (āitòng)
- 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
- 哀痛 (āitòng)
- 心酸 (xīnsuān)
- 怛傷/怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
- 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
- 情傷/情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 悲傷/悲伤 (bēishāng)
- 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
- 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
- 悲悽/悲凄 (bēiqī)
- 悱惻/悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
- 悽惶/凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
- 悲愴/悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
- 悽愴/凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
- 悲慘/悲惨 (bēicǎn)
- 悲慟/悲恸 (bēitòng)
- 悽戚/凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
- 悲戚 (bēiqī)
- 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
- 悲涼/悲凉 (bēiliáng)
- 悲痛 (bēitòng)
- 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
- 感傷/感伤 (gǎnshāng)
- 愀愴/愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
- 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
- 惻然/恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
- 愴然/怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
- 慘/惨 (cǎn)
- 憂傷/忧伤 (yōushāng)
- 慘悽/惨凄 (cǎnqī)
- 憂戚/忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
- 慘淡/惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 憯懍/憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
- 懤懤/㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
- 沉痛 (chéntòng)
- 淒切/凄切 (qīqiè)
- 淒惻/凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
- 淒慘/凄惨 (qīcǎn)
- 淒楚/凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 淒涼/凄凉 (qīliáng)
- 淒然/凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
- 痛心 (tòngxīn)
- 艱苦心/艰苦心 (Hokkien)
- 蒼涼/苍凉 (cāngliáng)
- 酸心 (suānxīn)
- 難受/难受 (nánshòu)
- 難過/难过 (nánguò)
- 青凊 (Hokkien)
- 黯然 (ànrán)
Descendants
Japanese
Pronunciation
Adjective
憂愁 • (yūshū) ←いうしう (iusiu)?-na (adnominal 憂愁な (yūshū na), adverbial 憂愁に (yūshū ni))
- sad; worried; depressed
Inflection
Stem forms
|
Imperfective (未然形)
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憂愁だろ
|
ゆうしゅうだろ
|
yūshū daro
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Continuative (連用形)
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憂愁で
|
ゆうしゅうで
|
yūshū de
|
Terminal (終止形)
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憂愁だ
|
ゆうしゅうだ
|
yūshū da
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Attributive (連体形)
|
憂愁な
|
ゆうしゅうな
|
yūshū na
|
Hypothetical (仮定形)
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憂愁なら
|
ゆうしゅうなら
|
yūshū nara
|
Imperative (命令形)
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憂愁であれ
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ゆうしゅうであれ
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yūshū de are
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Key constructions
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Informal negative
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憂愁ではない 憂愁じゃない
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ゆうしゅうではない ゆうしゅうじゃない
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yūshū de wa nai yūshū ja nai
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Informal past
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憂愁だった
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ゆうしゅうだった
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yūshū datta
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Informal negative past
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憂愁ではなかった 憂愁じゃなかった
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ゆうしゅうではなかった ゆうしゅうじゃなかった
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yūshū de wa nakatta yūshū ja nakatta
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Formal
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憂愁です
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ゆうしゅうです
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yūshū desu
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Formal negative
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憂愁ではありません 憂愁じゃありません
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ゆうしゅうではありません ゆうしゅうじゃありません
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yūshū de wa arimasen yūshū ja arimasen
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Formal past
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憂愁でした
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ゆうしゅうでした
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yūshū deshita
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Formal negative past
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憂愁ではありませんでした 憂愁じゃありませんでした
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ゆうしゅうではありませんでした ゆうしゅうじゃありませんでした
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yūshū de wa arimasen deshita yūshū ja arimasen deshita
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Conjunctive
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憂愁で
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ゆうしゅうで
|
yūshū de
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Conditional
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憂愁なら(ば)
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ゆうしゅうなら(ば)
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yūshū nara (ba)
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Provisional
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憂愁だったら
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ゆうしゅうだったら
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yūshū dattara
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Volitional
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憂愁だろう
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ゆうしゅうだろう
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yūshū darō
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Adverbial
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憂愁に
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ゆうしゅうに
|
yūshū ni
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Degree
|
憂愁さ
|
ゆうしゅうさ
|
yūshūsa
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Stem forms
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Irrealis (未然形)
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憂愁なら |
いうしうなら |
iusiunara
|
Continuative (連用形)
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憂愁に 憂愁なり |
いうしうに いうしうなり |
iusiuni iusiunari
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Terminal (終止形)
|
憂愁なり |
いうしうなり |
iusiunari
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Attributive (連体形)
|
憂愁なる |
いうしうなる |
iusiunaru
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Realis (已然形)
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憂愁なれ |
いうしうなれ |
iusiunare
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Imperative (命令形)
|
憂愁なれ |
いうしうなれ |
iusiunare
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Key constructions
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Negative
|
憂愁ならず |
いうしうならず |
iusiunarazu
|
Contrasting conjunction
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憂愁なれど |
いうしうなれど |
iusiunaredo
|
Causal conjunction
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憂愁なれば |
いうしうなれば |
iusiunareba
|
Conditional conjunction
|
憂愁ならば |
いうしうならば |
iusiunaraba
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Past tense (firsthand knowledge)
|
憂愁なりき |
いうしうなりき |
iusiunariki
|
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)
|
憂愁なりけり |
いうしうなりけり |
iusiunarikeri
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Adverbial
|
憂愁に |
いうしうに |
iusiuni
|
Without auxiliary verb. With auxiliary verb.
|
Noun
憂愁 • (yūshū) ←いうしう (iusiu)?
- sorrow; worry; depression
Verb
憂愁する • (yūshū suru) ←いうしう (iusiu)?suru (stem 憂愁し (yūshū shi), past 憂愁した (yūshū shita))
- to be depressed
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
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Mizenkei ("imperfective")
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憂愁し
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ゆうしゅうし
|
yūshū shi
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Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
|
憂愁し
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ゆうしゅうし
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yūshū shi
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Shūshikei ("terminal")
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憂愁する
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ゆうしゅうする
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yūshū suru
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Rentaikei ("attributive")
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憂愁する
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ゆうしゅうする
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yūshū suru
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Kateikei ("hypothetical")
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憂愁すれ
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ゆうしゅうすれ
|
yūshū sure
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Meireikei ("imperative")
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憂愁せよ¹ 憂愁しろ²
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ゆうしゅうせよ¹ ゆうしゅうしろ²
|
yūshū seyo¹ yūshū shiro²
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Key constructions
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Passive
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憂愁される
|
ゆうしゅうされる
|
yūshū sareru
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Causative
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憂愁させる 憂愁さす
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ゆうしゅうさせる ゆうしゅうさす
|
yūshū saseru yūshū sasu
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Potential
|
憂愁できる
|
ゆうしゅうできる
|
yūshū dekiru
|
Volitional
|
憂愁しよう
|
ゆうしゅうしよう
|
yūshū shiyō
|
Negative
|
憂愁しない
|
ゆうしゅうしない
|
yūshū shinai
|
Negative continuative
|
憂愁せず
|
ゆうしゅうせず
|
yūshū sezu
|
Formal
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憂愁します
|
ゆうしゅうします
|
yūshū shimasu
|
Perfective
|
憂愁した
|
ゆうしゅうした
|
yūshū shita
|
Conjunctive
|
憂愁して
|
ゆうしゅうして
|
yūshū shite
|
Hypothetical conditional
|
憂愁すれば
|
ゆうしゅうすれば
|
yūshū sureba
|
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
|
References
Korean
Noun
憂愁 • (usu) (hangeul 우수)
- hanja form? of 우수 (“sorrow; worry; depression”)
Vietnamese
Adjective
憂愁
- chữ Hán form of ưu sầu (“sad; worried; depressed”).
Noun
憂愁
- chữ Hán form of ưu sầu (“sorrow; worry; depression”).