懇求

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See also: 恳求

Chinese

		earnest	to seek; to look for; to request to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
trad. (懇求)		懇	求
simp. (恳求)		恳	求

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kěnqiú

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): han² kau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khién-khiù
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khún-kiû

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kěnqiú
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kěncióu
  - Wade–Giles: kʻên³-chʻiu²
  - Yale: kěn-chyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keenchyou
  - Palladius: кэньцю (kɛnʹcju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰən²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: han² kau⁴
  - Yale: hán kàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: han² kau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hen² keo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐn³⁵ kʰɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién-khiù
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien` kiuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian³ kiu²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹ kʰi̯u¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún-kiû
  - Tâi-lô: khún-kiû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qwnkiuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²³/

Verb

懇求

to implore; to urge; to beg; to beseech; to entreat

Synonyms

乞丐 (qǐgài) (archaic)
乞憐／乞怜 (qǐlián) (to beg for pity)
乞求 (qǐqiú)
哀告 (āigào)
哀求 (āiqiú)
央告 (yānggào)
央求 (yāngqiú)
憑／凭 (píng) (literary)
懇請／恳请 (kěnqǐng)
求 (qiú)
沽情 (Hokkien)
煩請／烦请 (fánqǐng) (honorific, polite)
祈求 (qíqiú) (to pray for)
祈祝 (qízhù) (literary)
祝禱／祝祷 (zhùdǎo) (literary)
要求 (yāoqiú)
請／请
請求／请求 (qǐngqiú)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
懇	求
こん Grade: S	きゅう Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんきゅう (Heiban – )
IPA^(key):

Noun

懇(こん)求(きゅう) • (konkyū)

begging, imploring

Verb

懇(こん)求(きゅう)する • (konkyū suru) suru (stem 懇(こん)求(きゅう)し (konkyū shi), past 懇(こん)求(きゅう)した (konkyū shita))

to implore; to urge; to beg; to beseech; to entreat

Conjugation

Conjugation of "懇求する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	懇求し	こんきゅうし	konkyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	懇求し	こんきゅうし	konkyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	懇求する	こんきゅうする	konkyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	懇求する	こんきゅうする	konkyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	懇求すれ	こんきゅうすれ	konkyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	懇求せよ¹ 懇求しろ²	こんきゅうせよ¹ こんきゅうしろ²	konkyū seyo¹ konkyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	懇求される	こんきゅうされる	konkyū sareru
Causative	懇求させる懇求さす	こんきゅうさせるこんきゅうさす	konkyū saseru konkyū sasu
Potential	懇求できる	こんきゅうできる	konkyū dekiru
Volitional	懇求しよう	こんきゅうしよう	konkyū shiyō
Negative	懇求しない	こんきゅうしない	konkyū shinai
Negative continuative	懇求せず	こんきゅうせず	konkyū sezu
Formal	懇求します	こんきゅうします	konkyū shimasu
Perfective	懇求した	こんきゅうした	konkyū shita
Conjunctive	懇求して	こんきゅうして	konkyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	懇求すれば	こんきゅうすれば	konkyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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