戀

戀 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+19, 23 strokes, cangjie input 女火心 (VFP), four-corner 2233₉, composition ⿱龻心)

• 纞 㜻 𡆕 𡈻 𢦋 𤼣 𦣛 𧆎 𨈌(𨄄) 𬬦

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11504
• Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2372, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6200

• Unihan data for U+F990

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rons) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

戀

1. (literary, or in compounds) to love

   戀愛／恋爱  ―  liàn'ài  ―  to be in love

2. (literary, or in compounds) to long for; to yearn for; to feel attached to

   留戀／留恋  ―  liúliàn  ―  to be reluctant to leave

   • 羈鳥戀舊林，池魚思故淵。 [MSC, trad.]
     羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 5th century, Tao Yuanming, 歸園田居·其一

     Jīniǎo liàn jiù lín, chíyú sī gù yuān.

     A cageling cherishes the memory of its old forest while pond fish miss their quondam deep pool.

• (to love): 愛／爱 (ài)

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恋)

1. Kyūjitai form of 恋: attract, love

• Go-on: れん (ren)
• Kan-on: れん (ren)
• Kun: こい (koi, 戀)^{←こひ (kofi, 戀, historical)}、こいしい (koishii, 戀しい)^{←こひしい (kofisii, 戀しい, historical)}、こう (kou, 戀う)^{←こふ (kofu, 戀ふ, historical)}

戀 (eumhun 사모할 련 (samohal ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 사모할 연 (samohal yeon))

1. hanja form^? of 련/연 (“love”)
2. hanja form^? of 련/연 (“long for, yearn for”)

The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 戀ふ (ko₁pu, “to love, yearn”).

戀 (ko₁pi₂) (kana こひ)

1. love, especially romantic love
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, poem 596:
     , text here

     八百日徃濱之沙毛吾戀二豈不益歟奥嶋守

     yapoka yuku hama no₂ manago₁ no₂ aga ko₁pi₂ ni ani masarazi oki₁ tu simamori

     On so vast a shore―that one could walk eight hundred days―would the grains of sand number greater than my love, o guardian of the outer isles?^[1]

2. longing, yearning
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 325:
     , text here

     明日香河川余藤不去立霧乃念應過孤悲尓不有國

     Asuka-gapa kapayo₂do₂ sarazu tatu ki₁ri no₂ omopi₁ sugu beki ko₁pi₂ ni aranaku ni

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• 戀し (ko₁pi₂si)
• 戀す (ko₁pi₂su)
• 戀の奴 (ko₁pi₂ no yatuko₁)

• Japanese: 恋 (こい, koi)

Appears in 東歌 (Azuma uta, literally “eastern songs”) in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

The distinction of ⟨-i₁⟩ and ⟨-i₂⟩ in some Eastern dialects has been lost. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

戀 (ko₁pi₁) (kana こひ)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as コ^甲ヒ^乙 (ko₁pi₂) above
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4366:
     , text here

     比多知散思由可牟加里母我阿我古比乎志留志弖都祁弖伊母尓志良世牟

     Pi₁tati sasi yukamu kari moga aga ko₁pi₁ wo sirusite tuge₁te imo ni sirasemu

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• 戀し (ko₁pi₁si)

戀: Hán Việt readings: luyến^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
戀: Nôm readings: luyến^[1][2], luýnh^[2]

1. chữ Hán form of luyến (“love, fondness (compounds)”).