戇

Translingual

Han character

戇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input 難卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733₈, composition ⿱贛心)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
• Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2373, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms) : phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

Definitions

戇

1. ^† stupid and honest; simple
2. ^† blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

Definitions

戇

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded

   戇大／戆大 [Shanghainese]  ―  ⁶gaon-du [Wugniu]  ―  idiot

   戇居／戆居 [Cantonese]  ―  ngong⁶ geoi¹   ―  fool

   阿拉小囡老戇個，連美國首都辣啥地方也勿曉得。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   阿拉小囡老戆个，连美国首都辣啥地方也勿晓得。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   ⁷aq-la ⁵shiau-noe ⁶lau ⁶gaon ⁰gheq ⁶li ⁵me-koq ⁵seu-tu ⁸laq ⁵sa-di-faon ⁶gha ⁸veq-shiau-teq [Wugniu]

   My kid is very stupid; they don't even know where the capital of America is.

2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

Synonyms

Compounds

References

• “Entry #13447”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: く (ku); とう (tō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō); とう (tō)^{←たう (tau, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

戇: Hán Việt readings: tráng (陟(trắc)降(giáng)切(thiết))

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References