戰

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See also: 戦 and 战
戰 U+6230, 戰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6230
← 戯
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 戱 →

Translingual

Traditional 戰
Shinjitai 戦
Simplified 战

Han character

戰 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 口十戈 (RJI), four-corner 63550, composition ⿰單戈)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 414, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11667
  • Dae Jaweon: page 757, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1412, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+6230

Chinese

trad. 戰
simp. 战
nonstandard simp. 𢧐
alternative forms 戦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戰
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans) + semantic 戈 (“halberd”) – battling with a halberd.

Etymology

Benedict (1972) thinks it a cognate to Tibetan རལ་གྲི (ral gri, “sword”), Mizo râl (“enemy”), both from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-raːl ~ *g-ran ~ *ray (“enemy, quarrel, strife, fight, war, sword”), yet Schuessler (2007) thinks it unlikely that Old Chinese *t- corresponds to Tibeto-Burman *r-.

Instead he proposes that "war, battle" is semantically extended from "tremble, fear" and so 戰 (OC *tjans) is cognate with 憚 (OC *daːns) (ibid.); STEDT in turn derives them both from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“tremble, shiver”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chiéng - vernacular (“to fight”);
  • ciéng - literary.
Note:
  • ziang3 - Shantou;
  • ziêng3 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 戰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之膳切
Baxter tsyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cianH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zin3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 戰 戰
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhàn zhàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyenH › ‹ tsyenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tar-s/ /*tar-s/
English to fear battle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 戰
Reading # 1/1
No. 2019
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		戰
Old
Chinese 		/*tjans/

Definitions

戰

  1. to fight a battle; to go to war
  2. war; battle; fight
    永戰／永战  ―  yǒng zhàn  ―  eternal war
    永戰／永战 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  wing5 zin3   ―  eternal war
  3. to tremble; to shiver
  4. a surname: Zhan

Synonyms

  • (to fight a battle):
  • (war):
  • (to tremble):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of “war”):

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (戰):
  • → Vietnamese: chiến (戰)

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

戦

Kyūjitai

戰

Kanji

戰

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 戦)

  1. fighting, battle

Readings

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

戰 (eumhun 싸울 전 (ssaul jeon))

  1. Hanja form? of 전 (“fight”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

戰: Hán Việt readings: chiến
戰: Nôm readings: chiến, chén, chuyến

  1. chữ Hán form of chiến (“war, conflict”).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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