戰戰兢兢

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 戰戰兢兢. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 戰戰兢兢, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 戰戰兢兢 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 戰戰兢兢 you have here. The definition of the word 戰戰兢兢 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of戰戰兢兢, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

See also: 战战兢兢, 戦々恐々, and 戦々兢々

Chinese


trad. (戰戰兢兢)		戰戰	兢兢
simp. (战战兢兢)		战战	兢兢
AABB-type reduplication of 戰兢／战兢

Etymology

From the Classic of Poetry, poem 195 (《詩經·小雅·小旻》):

戰戰兢兢，如臨深淵，如履薄冰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]

战战兢兢，如临深渊，如履薄冰。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zhànzhàn jīngjīng, rú lín shēnyuān, rú lǚ bóbīng.

We should be apprehensive and careful,
As if we were on the brink of a deep gulf,
As if we were treading on thin ice.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhànzhànjīngjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zin³ zin³ ging¹ ging¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhànzhànjīngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ ㄓㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhànjhànjingjing
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴-chan⁴-ching¹-ching¹
  - Yale: jàn-jàn-jīng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jannjannjingjing
  - Palladius: чжаньчжаньцзинцзин (čžanʹčžanʹczinczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zin³ zin³ ging¹ ging¹
  - Yale: jin jin gīng gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzin³ dzin³ ging¹ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jin³ jin³ ging¹ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn³³ t͡siːn³³ kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsyenH tsyenH king king

Rime
Character	戰	兢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之膳切	居陵切
Baxter	tsyenH	king
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇn^H/	/kɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛn^H/	/kɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæn^H/	/kieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cian^H/	/kiŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛn^H/	/kiəŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛn^H/	/kĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛn^H/	/ki̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin³	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tar-s tar-s k(r)əŋ k(r)əŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjans tjans kɯŋ kɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戰	戰	兢
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhàn	zhàn	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyen^H ›	‹ tsyen^H ›	‹ king ›
Old Chinese	/*tar-s/	/*tar-s/	/*k(r)əŋ/
English	to fear	battle	cautious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戰	兢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2019	6845
Phonetic component	單	兢
Rime group	元	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	戰	兢
Old Chinese	/*tjans/	/*kɯŋ/

Idiom

戰戰兢兢

(ideophonic) trembling with fear; apprehensive and careful; fearful and cautious

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (戰戰兢兢):

→ Japanese: 戦(せん)々(せん)恐(きょう)々(きょう) (sensenkyōkyō)
→ Korean: 전전긍긍(戰戰兢兢) (jeonjeon'geunggeung)

See also

戰兢兢／战兢兢

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia