拂菻

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Chinese

phonetic
trad. (拂菻)
simp. #(拂菻)

Etymology

Unknown. A review of the etymological proposals for this word has been written by Zhang Xushan, favoring a derivation from Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (Frūm), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (Frūm, Frōm, Rome, Byzantium) or Khwarezmian (Frōm), which are akin to Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (Frōm), Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm, Rome; Byzantine), and Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), all of which are ultimately from Ancient Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē), itself originally from Latin Roma, which would thus make it a doublet of 羅馬 / 罗马 (Luómǎ).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (2) (37)
Final () (60) (139)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter phjut limX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/pʰɨut̚/ /liɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/pʰiut̚/ /limX/
Shao
Rongfen
/pʰiuət̚/ /ljemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/pʰut̚/ /limX/
Li
Rong
/pʰiuət̚/ /liəmX/
Wang
Li
/pʰĭuət̚/ /lĭĕmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/pʰi̯uət̚/ /li̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
fu lǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fat1 lam5

Proper noun

拂菻

  1. (obsolete) Byzantium

Synonyms

References

  • Gharib, B. (1995) “frwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 156a
  • Gharib, B. (1995) “βrʾwm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 107b